Monique Nguyen
Global Health
Paula Palmer
3 December 2014
Violence and mental health in Brazil
Today, mental disorders, violence and injuries are more prominent in low- and middle-income countries (Rebeiro, 2013). Violence stems from all age groups and genders, however, Brazil faces disproportionately high rates of violence. Violence is a major contributor to morbidity and individual and collective costs (Reichenheim, 2011). Unfortunately, nearly 90% of people living in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro faced at least one lifetime traumatic experience and if only investigating events constituted as direct exposure to violence (assaultive violence), 59.4% of residents in Sao Paulo and 63.4% in Rio de Janeiro reported a lifetime exposure (Ribeiro, 2013). Overall, crime is ignored in Brazil, especially interpersonal violence. The corruption in the government and police force in conjunction with weapons, drugs, and alcohol create a system vulnerable to violence (Reicheinheim, 2011). The relationship between population growth, which more than tripled from 52 million in 1950 to 170 million in 2000, directly relates to increasing rates of violence. Additionally, there is also a direct relationship with the rapid growth, and economic burdens associated with mental disorders (Ribeiro 2013, Becker, 2013). Rates of mental disorders surpass major categories of noncommunicable disease including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer (Ribeiro 2013;
Over the past few years, studies and research have shown a tremendous increase in the amount of crime in several Brazilian states. Millions of people are currently affected by an uncontrollable swarm of violence that spreads across the country from north to south, and now see a long way ahead as major police and military forces face one of the worst, sizable economic catastrophes in history. In northeastern Brazil, where the violence rate nearly doubles each year, "Alagoas state has seen a great increase in crime rate, with a record annual killing of 2,000 people… a big difference if compared to a city like São Paulo" (Bevins). Alagoas, in fact, is the most violent state in the country, with an astonishing homicide rate of 64.6 per 100,000
In reading this book what stood out to me the most was how easy it can be to become a victim of violence. We would all like to think that this will never happen to us or that we would never allow for it to happen, but the reality is, it happens in so many forms and can be at the hands of the people we trust the most. This is where I realized one of the most common excuse for the abuse comes from manipulation.
At the point when two unique gatherings use brutality with each other as an answer, it just exacerbates the situation. The two gatherings are utilizing brutality to tackle their issues as opposed to arranging with each other without the utilization of savagery. That is the place we, the general population, venture in and ascend to the legislature about this issue.
My career as physician based on this course I understand that physicians and other medical professionals encounter victims of violence and abuse every day even in present day. Violence in public is a growing epidemic and is leading in worldwide health problem and can be very expensive, it was estimated by the CDC that medical related violence in the US has surpassed $70 billion dollars a year (violence Prevention timeline). Health care advocates, reports, surveillance systems and programs have developed in response to violence and its impact on public health. Abuse comes in many forms of physical, mental, and sexual abuse, all have impacts that affect the victims and have a negative effect on the victim and on society. Health organizations began in 1979 the Surgeon General had written a report on the 15-priority area’s that affect the health of the nation (Violence
The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is an actuarial assessment tool developed in 1993. The assessment is a series of twelve questions identified by researchers to determine the potential risk for recidivism in violent and nonviolent offenders if released into the community. Results of the VRAG have been replicated in various studies, and it has proven to be an effective way to determine potential recidivism. Since its creation, additional tools have been developed using the VRAG as a foundation. These tools are known as the SORAG, and VRAG-R. Although the VRAG was designed to assess general violence, the most common use of the assessment in the United States legal system is to determine future risk of sex offenders. Overall the use of
Brazil has some of the most violent cities in the world. The murder rate in Brazil has been going through the roof each year. Some cities have a murder rate of 50 per 50,000 people. Most murder victims are usually male, poor and teenagers. Most of these crimes take place in the infamous favelas of Brazil. Murder is not the only crime leaking in the shallow streets of the favelas. High-profile rape cases, kidnapping, drugs, and weapons dealing in the favelas are the common headlines in Brazil (Griffin, Jo). These crimes are born in the favelas and spread through the streets of Brazil. The economic growth of Brazil over the years has benefited the rich puppeteers of the society, but it has made life more miserable for the poor (McCann, Bryan). Not just in Rio, but favelas have spread throughout many cities in Brazil and now they are the number one birthplace of different types of crimes in the country. In this paper, we will analyze an article published on the online version of ‘The Guardians” regarding the lives of people living in Brazilian slums (favelas).
The sociopolitical conditions that serve to perpetuate the forms of violent behaviors outside the home are women interpreting that the violent behavior of their husbands or intimate partners is justifiable or excusable. They will make excuses to family members and friends to hide what he or she is doing to her, and to make her home seem as if it’s perfect. Some women may use an excuse of their husband or intimate partner being mentally ill and don’t know any better. Some don’t want to get law enforcement involved, because it will lead to an arrest and they may lose their job, which means more problems at the house. Religious beliefs can perpetuate a form of violence outside the home also(Humphrey & Schmalleger,2012). Spouses believe that their
In my research regarding the topic of violence I would be using a combination of quantitative methods as well as qualitative methods. When dealing with an issue like this it is good to visually see numbers to help people see just how many people are being affected by the problem using numbers. Also, by using words this can help put everything into manner where people from all levels of education can understand the information. When you look into quantitative methods you can take people who have experienced it personally and help share their trauma to help others make better decisions.
Indeed, at the end of the 20th century, Brazil was among the top 10 most dangerous countries in the world . Poor regions of Brazil have long been left to themselves and political instability is installed. The population of these favelas dominated by cartels have benefited from government inaction to take control of these risky areas. With major sporting events that will be presented during the next few years , Brazil has decided to address these issues and reduce the level of crime in the country to ensure the safety of millions of tourists who walk the Brazilian soil . This issue is of concern and that is why it is important to understand the magnitude that represents the crime in this country in South America .In order to understand the phenomenon of insecurity, we will need to look at the country’s history that made him one of the most dangerous state in the world. Then, we will analyze the main reasons that caused this increasing insecurity and to finish we will look at the different means used by the Brasilian government to improve and stabilize the criminality in the favelas.
Violence is a terrible thing that causes millions of deaths every year, but why does one do these acts of terror? I believe people do these selfish acts as a result in their upbring, environment, and learning. I will be looking into a few different case studies to prove my theory.
In the Brazilian region of Espírito Santo, the police went on strike to protest a severe drop in budget of the police department. In addition, they were protesting a large drop in the salaries of civil servants in Brazil. However, during only three days of the strike, fifty-two homicides occurred (“Police Strike”). Espírito Santo is often considered the most violent region in southeastern Brazil, but this region’s homicide rates noticeably decreased in 2016. Espírito Santo was on track to become much more peaceful in 2016, but this event greatly increased the homicide and murder rates, effectively undoing the progress made in 2016. The state of general anarchy and lawlessness in Espírito Santo during the police strike has drawn comparisons to the movie The Purge (“Police Strike”).
Many people use psychological violence to control other people. In third world countries the people usually are under the control of some special groups because they know how to apply their power in the mind pf people to control them. Actually, it will be started by doing things that the person does not like or want to do. Most of the time it is rooted within the family through the childhood that is cultivated an unconscious part of the mind and it will be represented during adulthood. So, the ego, the superego, and the id are Freud`s terminology who suggested a structural three-part model of the psyche. Barry claims that
The lack of respect is another factor because a lot of people don’t care what they say or making them feel by judging. Foul language can affect what people think or the way they react to others comments.They get in someone’s face because they say words that they can’t control. People hurt others feelings by saying rude words and people don't deserve that.Violence can harm relationships and life choices can change people’s mindsets from television and the internet.Violence can lead to the way people wear clothing or the foul language people use.
Young adults’ immoral behavior has its roots in chronic deficits of parental love and affection going back to early infancy. Future delinquents habitually have a disorganized, disintegrating family lives. This often leads to aggression and opposition toward others outside the family. Young adults in today’s society are in a constant struggle with the simplest issues in life. This is due to the child’s inability to have a strong parental attachment to one or both of their parents early on in his or her life; furthermore researchers have linked this to violence in young adults.
Though the offensive act occurs off-stage, Pinter makes the rape incident pivotal in understanding the acts of violence committed against women. Rape like other acts of physical violence leads to injuries and bruises in the victim and also leads to psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression in the victim. But what separates rape from other acts of physical violence is that it hurts the dignity of a woman, shatters her confidence, makes her feel powerless and nothing but an object of pleasure for her offenders and at times causes long lasting physical and psychic problems. In the play One for the Road, rape is used as a tool of violence to cause the psychological breakdown of not only Gila but also her