In the documents, it is shown that the eight authors from different societies had an opinion towards the technology during their time. Some of the opinions were based on water and how there should be a system for it, the tools of the time period and how they improved, the people who wanted to see a change in their work environment and the people who didn’t want their work environment to change. The water based documents were focused on how the water systems should be run; for flood prevention or for aqueducts throughout the city of Rome. They provide intel on the environments at the time. The documents based on the tools and how they were improved through the different people manufacturing them. The documents set on how the working class wants …show more content…
Huan Guan, a Han government official, says that tools given from the government to the laborers were not very functional in the sense to help the laborers do their work (document 2). This is seen as an inconvenience to the laborers because they aren’t able to keep up with their work-load, when using tools that don’t work as well as they would have hoped. Huan Guan, also says that the tools made by the laborers perform better than those provided by the government/state. The attitude that comes off of document two, is that Huan Guan just wants the laborers to have the best materials they can, even with the iron and salt trades. The third document is written by Huan Tan, who is an upper-class Han philosopher, who praised Fuxi. Fuxi is a mythological wise emperor, who developed the pestle and the mortar which were eventually developed to be powered by water and animal power (document 3). Huan Tan’s attitude towards this improvement is that it is a good thing, that should be recognized and that it is extremely beneficial to the society. In the fourth document, it is taken from the History of the Early Han Dynasty, written in about 200 C.E. The focus of this document is on the invention of a water powered tool, which was to benefit the laboring peoples. This was invented by Tu Shih, governor of Nanyang in about 31 C.E., this caused for the invention to be popular and widely used (document 4). The sixth document solely focuses on the architecture of Rome and how it was used throughout the city. It was written by Plutarch, a Greek-born Roman citizen, about Roman political leader in the second century B.C.E., Gaius Gracchus. It describes how Gaius Gracchus was anxious about road building and how he paid attention to detail, throughout the city. Gaius Gracchus developed the columns along the road, the columns served as mile markers (document
Han Dynasty and Roman Empire have many cultural aspects including religious, geographical, and political similarities that can be compared, though many differences are also widespread during this era. Though Roman and Han political structures, both emphasized bureaucracies, they came to them quite differently. Through many amounts of expansion, both societies spread culture and earned money, though expansion was eventually their downfall. Their religions differed greatly, with Rome, emphasizing polytheism and Han China focusing on Confucianism. The differences and similarities between these two civilizations are to be discussed in this essay. One might ask, Which civilization yielded the best
When comparing Han China and Classical Rome, many political, geographical, and religious similarities can be found, though many differences are also prevalent. Though Roman and Han political structures both emphasized bureaucracies, they came to them quite differently. Through copious amounts of expansion, both societies spread culture and earned money, though expansion was eventually their downfalls. Their religions differed immensely, with Rome emphasizing polytheism and Han China focusing on Confucianism. The differences and similarities between these two civilizations are to be discussed in this essay.
| In the industry of hand crafted goods their pottery showed various types of patterns carved or painted onto them, even stones had fine pictures painted onto them. They usually wrote in a special ink, they had various forms of writing like hieroglyphics, and self-explanatory characters. They usually carved these onto animal bones or tortoise shells. Architecture was built into houses made of wood or carved out of the earth into rows. They listened to folk music and palace music. With their practice in bronze they made fine musical instruments, people engaged into music but they were divided into 3 sections; Wu, music slavery, and Gu.
Most societies that developed in ancient civilizations were centered around some form of imperial administration and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.) and Han China (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) were no different in this sense. Both civilizations had a network of cities and roads, with similar technologies that catalyzed cultural amalgamation and upgraded the standard of living, along with comparable organizational structures. Additionally, both civilizations had problems managing their borders and used similar tactics for defense. However, the Chinese Emperor was interpreted as a God while the Roman Emperor was a lugal, or big man, who had to fight not only to gain power, but to push through his initiatives. The similarities and differences
Although Han China and Rome shared similarities in their techniques of imperial administration though military conquest and engineering’s aid toward the economy, they differed in their approach to land distribution.
Emperor Wu also issued taxes on industries and agriculture while monopolizing the production of goods such as salt and iron. The salt and iron monopoly angered many Confucians and other progressive thinkers as they argued that the government should stay out of the market and have a laissez faire approach. This conflict of beliefs led to the “Debate on Salt and Iron”, a debate between Confucian scholars and a minister for the Han government. This debate showed much improvement from the policies of the Qin government because, as opposed to Qin Shihuangdi who burned most Confucian literature, the Han government was able to hear what the learned men had to say. The minister defended the government’s Legalist actions by insisting, “I again assert that to do away with the salt and iron monopolies and equitable marketing system would bring havoc to our frontier military policies and would be heartless toward those on the frontier” (“The Debate on Salt and Iron”, 176). The minister argued that without the revenue coming in from the salt and iron monopolies, there would be no money to fund an army and defend the state. While the minister was correct in stressing the importance of the monopolies for government revenue, the government recognized the need for Confucius ideas and scholars within their government.
Despite who it is, it is a loss or decline In technology and skill in exchange for increased labor. . Plutarch says that Gaius Gracchus built needed roads, and mile-calculating systems. These were needed technological advancements, and despite the creator, they were useful. Seneca says that the hammer and tongs were not created by wise men, nor does it matter which came first. He says that they were created by someone nimble and sharp, and are useful. Frontinus says that the aqueducts are important, and are very useful. He then goes on to say that the pyramids and the useless but famous works of the Greeks are unimportant, for they do not help the empire.
Han dynasty emerged into power back in 221BCE after the fall of Qin dynasty 206BCE. They were the original pioneers when it comes to political systems and structure of the society that lasted more than 2000 years in China. On the other hand, the Roman Empire controlled the western Mediterranean and they had various advancements in technology and science. The Romans had different engineering accomplishments considered to be different from those of the Han kingdom. They formed the basis of the establishment of the western legal codes. This research is aimed towards analysis the similarities and the differences between the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire. The consequences of their differences are also analyzed in this research.
Both the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire became massive empires and dominated their region for a long time. In addition, both of these empires also had large impact on the world and extremely influenced the development of human civilization. Even in the modern times, the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire have been the major subjects of historians and scholars especially when dealing with the development of stable societies . Although both of these empires grew in massive size, their political, economic, social and religious developments are extremely different. The objective of this paper is to analyze and compare the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire in terms of political, economic, social and religious developments. It also opts to evaluate their overall impact to their
Through the progression of history the need for the principles articulated in Engineers’ Case was both necessary and appropriate. Callinan J in Workchoices’ Case made
New agricultural techniques, porcelain, metallurgy, printing, and naval technology were few of the technological elements that reinforced the established features of social order. New agricultural techniques helped in the expand of their agricultural potential, the dynasties gained reputation from porcelain technology which moderately diffused to other societies producing porcelain in large quantities, metallurgical techniques as well diffused to lands beyond China, printing produced texts quickly and popular works appeared in huge quantities, and naval technology included of the magnetic compass which soon became common for mariners to use. Population growth, patriarchal social structures, and gunpowder were technological elements reinforcing established features of political order. Population growth reflected the capacity of economy and distribution of food, patriarchal social structures included of concern to preserve family fortunes and foot binding, and gunpowder was an element used for military effectiveness. These aspects provided a fundamental change in traditions because they changed their whole concepts of how to use goods as in previous Chinese eras.
Examples of what they created or helped with the development of are items such as the wheel, cuneiform, arithmetic and geometry, irrigation systems, boats, calendar, bronze, leather, glues, saws, saws, chisels, hammers, braces and bits, nails, hoes and
“Medieval Society” helped to give a better perspective on what Rome was like during Medieval Times. The article explained the collapse of The Western Roman Empire, and makes things easier to comprehend by breaking it down by countries/ parts of the empire. By using this method, it makes it easier to understand the fall of the Roman Empire by going in depth and explaining all the different causes for each empire's downfall. It also showed how medieval Europe inherited many of it’s traditions and institutions, for example, Christianity. I thought this article was well written and gave enough details and information to fully understand the main concept of this article.
A few centuries later when the Mongolians ruled the Han (the Yuan Dynasty time), instead of limiting the development of the Han culture, then encouraging exchange of the Mongolian and Han design and culture. The Yuan Dynasty emploied Confucianism (the Han legal) and a series of rational cultural policies, so that a rich design diversity developed during the time and the Han culture was presered. The Han legal and the policies to designers were proposed that respecting the Han culture and encouraging designers to create freely (page 14 “The Mongolia in World History”). “The benefits deisgners gained from Mongol rule include freedom corvee (unpaid) laborm tax remissions, and higher socical status. Thus design reached new heights in the Mongol
Finance Assignment Submitted by, Ukiwo Anya Vipin Sekar Chandrasekar Date : November 6, 2015 A Summary of the Economist Article: Reinventing the Company (October 24, 2015) The article talks about the rise of startups and the way they are changing how business is done and what it means to be a company. They are referred to as disrupters or insurgent companies. It illustrates this fact further with examples of Uber, Airbnb and cloud computing companies who are now threats to cabbies, hoteliers and hardware makers. It also points out the unique characteristic of these insurgent