4. Identify: for nos. 1-5: Name of the missing metabolite in the pathway 6-10: Enzyme that catalyzed the reaction 11-15: Reaction involved 5 FAD -FADH₂ trans-2-En oyl-CoA 15 H₂O 10 3-Hyroxya.cyl-CoA NAD+ NADH + H+ beta-Ketoacyl-CoA COASH ►Acetyl-CoA Acyl-CoA (2 C Atoms Shorter) Malate Fumarate 9 Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate 11 Fructose-6-phosphate Phoshphoenolpyruvate Succinate 2 | 12 Acetyl ČOA 13 Citrate Lactate 14 Isocitrate 8 a-ketoglutarate
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- Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OHIdentify a pathway for utilization of the four carbons of acetoacetate in cholesterol biosynthesis. Carry your pathway as far as the rate-determining reaction in cholesterol biosynthesis. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. succinyl-CoA succinate acetyl-CoA CoA-SH acetoacetyl-CoA HMG-CoA 2NADP 2NADPH+ 2H acetoacetate K UHL return to a mevalonate + CoA-SHC-CH2 + H* CO, + CH,-C-S-COA S-COA Malonyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase Transferase Lyase Ligase
- Step 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation is shown below. H HO || || C-C-S – CoA FAD но R-CH2- C Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H-C-C -S- CoA Acetyl-CoA Fatty acyl-CoA H FADH2 - CH2 - -c-S- CoA R- Thiolase Fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbons COA-SH H. он Successive cycles R-CH2-C-C- -C-S- CoA R– CH2 C=C-C-S-CoA H B-Ketoacyl-Co.A trans-A²Enoyl-CoA NADH + H* H,0 H H L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Enoyl-CoA hydratase R- CH,-c-c-C- S-CoA Но H NAD+ L-B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA True O FalseB-oxidation of a 15:0 fatty acid will result in the production of O 7 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH O 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 8 FADH2, and 8 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2, and 6 NADHWhich of the following is most helpful in ensuring that wasteful (unproductive) hydrolysis of acetyl CoA does not occur in the reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase? Group of answer choices Citrate synthase is a tetramer Induced fit ensures oxaloacetate binds before acetyl CoA 3 molecules of oxaloacetate bind for every 1 molecule of acetyl CoA Citrate inhibits the reaction Which of the following catalyzes a step that does NOT produce CO2? Group of answer choices alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex malate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isocitrate dehydrogenase Citrate synthase is regulated by... Group of answer choices Concentrations of substrate and products Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Covalent modification Allosteric regulation by the levels of NADDH
- A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.Identify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc.) and reaction types (Addition, elimination, etc ) in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway 2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA 3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) 4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 5. Citric acid cycle 6. Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)1) Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl- CoA, yet carbons of acetyl -CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Show pathways as to how this can happen. 2) A molecule -X inhibits oxidation of stearoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation, explain.
- Complete the balanced equation for the synthesis of the fatty acid. x Acetyl-CoA + y ATP + z NADPH + z H+ CH3(CH2)20COOH + x CoA+ y ADP + y Pi + v H₂O + Z NADP+ x=12 y=11 z=22 v=10 x=5 y=4 Z=8 v=3 x=7 y=6 Z=12 v=5 x=11 y=10 z=20 v=9CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What are the B-oxidation products of lauric acid (C12H2402), a major component of coconut oil?A.6 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2B. 6 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2C. 5 acetyl-CoA, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2D. 5 acetyl-CoA, 5 NADH, 5 FADH2 2.What is the mechanism of ATP synthesis in glycolysis?A. substrate level phosphorylationB. reductionC. oxidationD. oxidative phosphorylation 3.Which of the following enzymes need ATP as a substrate in the reaction?A.phosphoglycerate kinaseB. phosphofructokinaseC. pyruvate kinaseD.glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseFatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase: R-COO +ATP +COA R-C-COA +AMP + PPi a) The reaction involves two steps the first of which forms an enzyme-bound intermediate identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and AMP: R-C-O-P-O-nibose-adenine Write two chemical equations coresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by the synthetase. b) The acyl-CoA synthetase reaction as written above is readily reversible. How might the reaction be made to favor formation of fatty acyl-CoA? Write within the box. Anything outside the box will not be graded. From the