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- 7a. Given the following mutated sequence (with respect to the normal sequence), what TYPE of mutation occurred: AAGCCGTTAC 7b. Where did the mutation take place?2. A single base addition and a single base deletion approximately 15 bases apart in the MRNA specifying the protein lysozyme for the bacterial virus T4 caused a change in the protein from its normal composition: Lys – Ser - Pro - Ser - Leu- Asn-Ala - Ala - Lys To the mutant form: Lys - Val - His- His - Leu - Met- Ala-Ala- Lys a. From the genetic code, decipher the sequence of mRNA for both original protein and double mutant. b. Which base was added? Which base was deleted? · END -4. 16B (Eukaryotes): Describe 4 factors that differentiate eukaryotic chromosomes/genome from a prokaryotic chromosome/genome. 5. Compare/contrast 4 differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic GENE structure & gene EXPRESSION (including regulatory sequences).
- 18. Shown below are the results of a series of coinfections of E. coli B using T4 rlI- strains similar to those employed by Benzer in his deletion mapping experiment. Each strain contains a different deletion mutation. The ability to produce wild-type progeny phage is indicated by (+), (0) indicates no wild-type progeny. A D A B D E Which order of deletions is most consistent with this data? a. CDBEA b. DCEAB C. ABECD d. CDEAB e. EDCBA1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Please EXCLUDE the use of CRISPR from consideration. A. Will you use germline or somatic cell gene therapy? Please NAME and DEFINE the form of gene therapy selected, then explain WHY this is the most appropriate choice.1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). a) Hypothetically, what specific type of VECTOR will you use to perform your gene therapy? Please select from the following list of potential vectors: disabled retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV), then give two reasons why this specific vector is the most appropriate for your gene therapy. Please explain why you were able to rule out the other potential…
- 1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Other scientists have suggested that it might be possible to use CRISPR to treat this genetic disorder in affected individuals. (i) First, what is CRISPR? (BRIEFLY describe what it is and how it works). (ii) Briefly describe how CRISPR could be utilized in treating genetic conditions such as Batten disease.8a. Given the following mutated sequence (with respect to the normal sequence), what TYPE of mutation occurred: AAACGTTAC 8b. Where did the mutation take place?23. Design the forward, reverse, and internal primers to the gene below and mutate the bolded/underlined histidine (CAC) to an alanine (GCC). Primers are usually 18-25 nucleotides long, but only make primers 9 nucleotides long to save work. 5'-ATGGATCGATACGGACGAAATCACCTACCGAATCAGGCGTGACGTGA-3' External Forward: External Reverse: Internal Forward: Internal Reverse:
- +1 1 2 4 6. 7 8. 9. Transcriptional stop sequence ТАTА box ATG ТА AUG UAA Here is a diagram of a human gene in the genome. The bar above it is indicating different regions of the gene sequence. 7. Which region or regions contain the sequences that direct splicing? - 8. In which region or regions could a single base pair insertion cause a frameshift mutation (but not because of changed splicing)? - 9. In which region or regions might you find sequences that control the amount of transcription of this gene? + 10. In which region or regions could a single base pair deletion cause the mRNA to be one base pair shorter? - 11. Which region or regions usually contain a sequence that controls the secretion of the protein e product? e6a. Given the following mutated sequence (with respect to the normal sequence), what TYPE of mutation occurred: AAGCTTAC 6b. Where did the mutation take place?4. Different populations of mouse L-cells that lack cadherins were transfected with either E- cadherin or P-cadherin. If cells expressing E-cad are mixed with those expressing P-cad, they segregate into distinct balls of cells (A in figure). However, if cells expressing different levels of the same cadherin are mixed, they form a single ball, with the high expressing cells in the center B in the figure). (A) E-cadherin SORTING OUT P-cadherin (B) low P-cadherin SORTING OUT high P-cadherin Why do the cells expressing different levels of cadherin segregate as in (B) in the figure, and why not into two separate balls, or one ball with a different organization (randomly mixed, or high expressors on the outside)?