a.) Qa, b.) Qr, c.) Wnet (kJ/kg), d.) the efficiency (%), e.) draw the T-S diagram with proper label of points, and f.) the pressures before and after Isothermal compression
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
![Enthalpy
Specific Volume
Sal.
Sal.
Liquid
Vaper
10v,
10,
Internal Energy
Sat
Liquid
Entropy
Set
1quid
Sat.
Vapur
Sel
Liqund
Nat.
Sat.
Vapor
Temp
Pres
MP
Evap.
Evap.
Evap.
709.47 2057.0 2766 4
711.85 2055.2 2767.0 2.0253 4.6549 6.6802
714.20 2053.4 2767.5 20306 4.6451 6.6758
716.52 2051.6 2768.1
718.83 2049.8 2768.6
255.6
252.4 711.00 1864.2 2575.2
708.64 1866.1 2574.7
2.0200 4.6647 6.6847
167,78
168.32 1.1121
75
.77
.78
.79
76
168.86 1.1128 249.3 713.34 1862.2 2575.6
169 39 1.1135 246.3 715.66 1860.3 2576.0
169.91 1J142 243.3
2.0359 4.6355 6.6714
2.0411 4.6260 6.6670
717.95 1858.5 2576.4
721.11 2048.0 2769.1 2.0462 4.6166 6.6628
723,38 2046.3 2769.7 2,0513 4.6073 6.6585
234.9 724.70 1 852.9 2577.6 725.62 2044.5 2770.2 2.0563 4.5981 6.6544
726.91 1851.1 2578.0 727.83 2042,8 2770,7 2.0612 4.5890 6.6502
730.04 2041.1 2771.2 2.0662 4.5800 6.6462
720.22 1856.6 2576.8
722.47 1854.7 2577.2
80
.81
.82
83
.84
170.43 1.1148 240,4
170.95 1I155 237.6
171.46 1.1161
171.97 1.1168
172.47 1.1174
232.2
229.5
729.10 1849.2 2578.3
.85
.86
.87
.38
89
172.96 1.118I
173.46 1.1187 224.5
173.94 1.1193
174.43 1.1200
174.90
227.0 731.27 1847.4 2578.7 732.22 2039.4 2771.6 2.0710 4.5711 6.6421
733.42 1845.7 2579.1 734.38 2037.7 2772.1 2.0758 4.5623 6.6381
736.52 2036.I 2772.6 2.0806 4.5536 6.6342
738.64 2034.4 2773.0 2.0853 4.5450 6.6303
740.75 2032.8 2773.5 2.0900 4,5364 6,6264
735.55 1843.9 2579.4
737.66 1842.1 2579.8
739.75 1840.4 2580.1
222.0
219.6
217.3
1.1206
6.) Air undergoes Isothermal expansion in a Carnot cycle where the pressure
decreases from 2.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa. This process has a temperature of 550
K and it decreases to 400 K before the Isothermal compression stroke. Find
a.) Qa, b.) Qr, c.) Wnet (kJ/kg), d.) the efficiency (%), e.) draw the T-S diagram
with proper label of points, and f.) the pressures before and after Isothermal
compression
• 71.55 kJ/kg, 61.78 kJ/kg, 9.77 kJ/kg, 13.65%, 251.52 kPa and 502 kPa
• 80.66 kJ/kg, 58.66 kJ/kg, 22 kJ/kg, 27.27%, 492.08 kPa and 820.13 kPa
• 61.22 kJ/kg, 41.22 kJ/kg, 20 kJ/kg, 29.98%, 315.1 kPa and 795.55 kPa
• 1000 kJ/kg, 900 kJ/kg, 100 kJ/kg, 10%, 500 kPa and 1000 kPa](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fbe1f60b6-0ba6-4be5-a23b-3784c454d158%2F3556e52e-140a-4fd7-a69e-f3dc3863dc03%2Fxofv9vm_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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