Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol to the next highest state of oxidation, an aldehyde. How does this partially explain the toxicity of methanol?
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Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol to the next highest state of oxidation, an
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- Interestingly, the most common treatment for methanol poisoning is to use ethanol as an antidote. Why would adding large amounts of ethanol help slow down the rate of formic acid production by aldehyde dehydrogenase?Mercuric ion and methanol are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain.In some brain cancer cells, a mutated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase, instead of catalyzing the oxidation of the secondary alcohol of isocitrate, catalyzes the reduction of a-ketoglutarate. Draw the product of the reaction.
- Refer to Figure, which indicates ΔG for each glycolytic reaction under intracellular conditions. Assume that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited with iodoacetate, which reacts with its active site cysteine sulfhydryl group. Which glycolytic intermediate would you expect to accumulate most rapidly, and why?Describe the alcohol dehydrogenases of humans and S. cerevisiae. How do they differ?Are any of the intermediates in the β-oxidation pathway chiral? Explain.
- Describe the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme: (a) aspartate transaminase; (b) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.Malonate competes with succinate in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction. Explain why increasing the oxaloacetate concentration can overcome malonate inhibition.Show the carbon atom that changes oxidation state during the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. What is the functional group that changes during the reaction?
- [methyl-14C]Pyruvate was administered to isolated liver cells in the presence of sufficient malonate to block succinate dehydrogenase completely. After a time, isocitrate was isolated and found to contain label in both carbon 2 and carbon 5: How do you explain this result?This is a depiction of the connection between the urea cycle, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the citric acid cycle. In this depiction, blank boxes with numbers are hiding the name of a metabolite. Using the list below the pathway name the missing metabolites. Hint: Start by identifying #1, #6, and #7 and work from there.Order the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-etogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 2 3 4 answer choices: lipoamide, biotin, 2 Fe - 2S cluster, TPP, NAD+, FAD