B. Which playground tier would you expect Happy Valley families to choose? a. No playground b. Tier 1 (swings) c. Tier 2 (+ climber) d. Tier 3 (+ slides) Explain your reasoning for part B (above) and provide numerical support for your answer: 2/3 C. If Joyville families can negotiate with Happy Valley families, what outcome would you expect? a. No playground b. Tier 1 (swings) c. Tier 2 (+ climber) d. Tier 3 (+ slides) Explain your reasoning for part C (above) and provide numerical support for your answer:
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- 1. A local city council is considering a major transit expansion. The project requires purchases of $40 million in equipment now and annual expenses of $1 million each year starting in 2 years. The transit expansion is expected to reduce road congestion beginning next year and reduce respiratory illness in the region by 5% in 3 years. These benefits have been estimated monthly as 30 hours less time commuting. There are 250,000 commuters in the region and the average wage is $30 hour. Respiratory illness costs the local health system $500,000 each year. The council has asked you to complete a cost benefit analysis of the project. Present one with a time horizon of 5 years and another over the next 20 years. Current interest rates are 2% 2. Calculate the PV of $10 million received in 5 years 3. Suppose in a certain city the demand for low-cost housing can be characterized by the equation P = 200 - 2Q, where Q is housing measured in square feet. Further, suppose that supply is…A county transportation agency has asked you to suggest the allocation of bridge preservation budget of 50 million between Interstate and non-Interstate highway bridges. Political considerations require that urban populations receive at least $25 million in benefits and rural areas at least $10 million. As a rule of thumb, a $1 million investment yields total user benefits of $1.25 million for $1 million spent on Interstate highway bridges. $1 million for $1 million spent on non-Interstate highway bridges. The research also indicates that the distribution of benefits for each highway is.as shown in the attached table a) Formulate a linear programming (LP) problem to maximize total user benefits subject to the agency’s constraintsA firm has a marginal emissions benefit of 100-0.5*E in each of 2 years, where E measures emissions in tons. The marginal cost of emissions to society is 75/ton. The discount rate is 10% and the marginal cost of emissions also grows at 10% per year. The government decides to give the firm permits to emit 50 tons of emissions per year, but allows the firm to "bank" or "borrow" permits across the two years so that this effectively acts as a 100 ton cap on emissions over 2 years. How much will the firm emit in each year? If all firms are identical to the one you analyze here, is the government issuing too many or too few emission permits relative to the efficient level? How do you know?
- During your first month as an employee atGreenfield Industries (a large drill-bit manufacturer),you are asked to evaluate alternatives forproducing a newly designed drill bit on a turningmachine. Your boss’ memorandum to you haspractically no information about what the alternativesare and what criteria should be used. The same taskwas posed to a previous employee who could notfinish the analysis, but she has given you the followinginformation: An old turning machine valued at $350,000exists (in the warehouse) that can be modified for thenew drill bit. The in-house technicians have givenan estimate of $40,000 to modify this machine, andthey assure you that they will have the machine readybefore the projected start date (although they havenever done any modifications of this type). It is hopedthat the old turning machine will be able to meetproduction requirements at full capacity. An outsidecompany, McDonald Inc., made the machine sevenyears ago and can easily do the same…Consider being tasked with conducting a cost-benefit analysis of a potential coal-fired power station. A specific amount of pollutants will be released from the facility, which will be erected on the fringes of a residential area. Its cooling system will require a considerable volume of water. Industries in the area claim that the extra electricity is urgently needed, while locals are against the building. How would you assess the economic benefits vs the social and environmental costs?A county govermment has constructed a small dam across a local river in order to control flooding and regulate river flow downstream. However, although the dam has significanty reduced the cost of flooding that used be incurred by the community from what used to be frequent floods, the dam has also eaten-up some of the farmland upstream of the river, thus causing loss of revenue from farming and other related businesses. In performing a benefit-cost analysis of the dam project, which of the folowing is the most traditional form of calculating the B-C ratio for this project? OA PW(Reduced flood conts) - PW(Loss of revenue from farming and related businesses) Initial project costs + PW(Annual O &M Costs) B-C PW(LOss of revenue from farming and related businesses) - PWIReduced flood conts) Initial project costs PW(Annual O & M Costs) OB. B-Ce PW(Reduced flood costs) Initial project costs + PW(Annual O & M Costs) PW(Loss of revenue from farming and related businesses) Oc. B-C- D. B-C=…
- When we talk about massive energy generation through more traditional methods, such as hydroelectric andthermoelectric plants, it is inevitable that we think about environmental aspects and the entire chain involved so that theenergy generated in a locality is taken to large consumer centers. Seeking to improve thisIn this context, microgrids emerged, which can act in isolation or connected to the Interconnected SystemNational. For consumers, the main advantages are medium-term savings and the issue ofenvironmental. For the distributor, the impacts of microgrids are:ALTERNATIVESa) Practically non-existent, as current equipment is energy efficient and connecteddigitally, improving the operation of the network as a whole.b) Technical and environmental, as the consumer stops buying energy from the distributor, and the generation andtransmission becomes obsolete, generating waste for the environment.c) Exclusively technical, as the consumer connects the phases and the neutral to the SIN…(1) Diagrammatically show and explain how oil prices dropped as concerns over fuel demand in the near term in COVID-19 pandemic hit Europe and the United States.DescriptionThe Islamabad Expressway is a major north-south expressway in Islamabad, CapitalTerritory, Pakistan. The expressway provides quick access between Islamabad andRawalpindi, connecting the national capital with the N-5 National Highway at TChowk. The total length of the expressway is 28 kilometers (17 mi), with lanes varyingfrom six to ten. In 2007, the Capital Development Authority proposed to build threenew interchanges on the highway at Karaal Chowk, Lehtrar Road and Dhok Kala KhanRoad to make it signal free and it were completed with as funds allocated. The expansion is still in progress.Statement of the ProblemThere is a traffic congestion from Gulberg green to T-Chowk due to a smaller numberof lanes or bottle neck problem. The number of lanes is reduced to 2 each side whichcause congestion.You are given a task to,I. Propose a economical solution to improve the travel time.II. Design the flexible pavement according to your proposed solution andtraffic count.III. Prepare a…
- Tech is playing State in the last conference game of theseason. Tech is trailing State 21 to 14 with 7 seconds left inthe game, when they score a touchdown. Still trailing 21 to20, Tech can either go for two points and win or go for onepoint to send the game into overtime. The conferencechampionship will be determined by the outcome of thisgame. If Tech wins they will go to the Sugar Bowl, with apayoff of $9.2 million; if they lose they will go to the GatorBowl, with a payoff of $1.5 million. If Tech goes for twopoints there is a .30% chance they will be successful andwin (and a .70% chance they will fail and lose). If they gofor one point there is a 0.98 probability of success and a tieand a 0.02 probability of failure. If they tie they will playovertime, in which Tech believes they have only a 20%chance of winning because of fatigue.a. Use decision-tree analysis to determine if Tech shouldgo for one point or two points.b. What would Tech’s probability of winning the game inovertime…Aquatic invasive species are a threat to the ADK region as they have the potential to negatively impact the aquatic ecosystems of Adirondack lakes. These species include plants which choke up beach fronts, mussels that eliminate phytoplankton on which native ecosystems depend, and fish with no native predators that take over ecosystems. As part of a cost-benefit analysis, you have been asked to estimate the damages from these invasive species. Describe, specifically, how you would use at least TWO different non-market valuation techniques to estimate the damages from invasive species in the Adirondacks.Water rescue situation Determine what should be done first and last as well as the available resources in the scenarios. 1. You were on the schools swimming pool to practice your butterfly stroke for an upcoming competition and are the only one in the pool area when you noticed someone floating in the pool's 8ft area. When you checked what it was, you were shocked to find a person floating and unresponsive to your calls.