Can you please explain in detail : is the ventricular afterload a determinant of cardiac performance, or does cardiac performance determine the afterload?
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Can you please explain in detail : is the ventricular afterload a determinant of cardiac performance, or does cardiac performance determine the afterload?
Cardiac Output- This is the process in which blood volume used to ejected by the heart/ unit time.
Cardiac Output usually represented as Stroke Volume× heart rate.
Afterload is one of the primary determinant of cardiac output.
Explanation- Afterload also acts as an important influence on the stroke volume.
"Stroke volume" is the term used when the volume of blood pumped out of the heart's left ventricle during each systolic cardiac contraction.
- Stroke volume used to increase with the rise of contractility for the given value of afterload.
- On the other hand, when the Afterload increases then, stroke volume tends to decrease.
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- Is the ventricular afterload a determinant of cardiac performance, or does cardiac performance determine the afterload?Cardiac output is determined by two variables. What are they, and what do they represent? Ga)How is one-way flow through the heart achieved and What are the stages of the cardiac cycle and the changes in pressure that occur in thechambers?b)Define how cardiac output is calculated, and what it can tell you about heart function. c. What factors influence cardiac output to maintain adequate perfusion?
- Number the following structures of the cardiac conduction system in the normal order of depolarization (1 to 5). _______________ AV bundle (of His) _______________ AV node _______________ Purkinje (conduction) fibers _______________ Right and left bundle branches _______________ SA nodeAn elderly man presents to the emergency department with chest pain. He has a history of stable angina and recent onset diabetes mellitus, but now the chest pain comes on with less exertion and takes longer to g0 away. An ECG and cardiac enzymes are ordered. If this man has unstable angina, what are the expected findings on ECG and cardiac enzyme testing? (4) Delta waves on the ECG and elevated cardiac enzyme levels (B) Low voltage ECG and elevated cardiac enzyme levels {€) No changes on ECG and elevated cardiac enzyme levels (D) ST-segment depressions on ECG and normal cardiac enzyme levels () ST-segment elevations with Q waves and Normal cardiac enzyme levelsName three mechanisms that can increase cardiacoutput.
- What role does the AV nodal delay play in normal cardiac function?In the figure below on the left, label the P, QRS and T waves. Describe what is happening in the heart in the P wave: Relate the P wave to the cardiac cycle:o Is the heart in systole or diastole?o Is the pressure high or low?o Where is blood flowing? Which valves are open? closed? o Which muscle fibers are contracting, if any?Describe the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. (use terms like atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular diastole, ventricular systole, isovolumic ventricular contraction, isovolumic ventricular relaxation, ventricular ejection, period of rapid filling)
- Draw these five graphs on the same set of axes: atrial autorhythmic cell action potential atrial cardiac contractile cell action potential ventricular autorhythmic cell action potential ventricular cardiac contractile cell action potential ventricular myocardial muscle tensionIndicate whether each of the following variables has a direct or inverse relationship to Cardiac Output.Regarding the cardiac cycle at resting HR, when in the cycle does ventricular filling occur? Howimportant is atrial contraction to the EDV? Why is the first part of ventricular contraction isovolumetric?When and why does rapid ejection of blood from the ventricle occur?