Degrees of tumor differentiation From the discussion above, identify and describe the morphology/appearance of the photomicrograph below that shows: A. Normal morphology B. Benign neoplasm C. Well-differentiated malignant neoplasm D. Poorly differentiated neoplasm 3. Mu 2. Mu
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- Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbersExcessive angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis are two of the six characteristics that define cancerous tumors. Discuss how developing treatments for these two conditions might prevent the development of cancer altogether from pre-malignant tumors.List one other cancer, human or animal in which a mitotic index may be used in diagnostics or tumor grading. Describe how it is graded (what is the name of the grading protocol used and briefly describe the criteria for the grades assigned).
- What types of observations allow a pathologist to identify the tissue of origin of a tumor? Why are certain tumors difficult to assign a specific tissue of origin? What is the importance of assigning a specific tissue of origin?Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue typesAnswer the following multiple-choice questions about cancer-promoting mutations. A gene whose mutant alleles function in a recessive way to predispose an individual’s cells to develop into cancer is called: A. a polymerase B. a proto-oncogene C. a tumor suppressor D. an oncogene EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences:
- The CT scan reveals a tumor of the lung and a biopsy (removal of tissue for examination) is scheduled. Define cancer and the TNM and Roman Numeral classification system that will be used to describe the tumor. (The use of diagrams is recommended. Be sure to include your sources).The following are drugs that act as anti-tumor agents and are often used as part ofchemotherapeutic regimens for cancer patients. Explain how the use of the following drugs mayprevent cancer cell growth and/or proliferation.Which of the following are characteristics of benign tumors? Select all that apply. a.They can migrate and grow in other tissues through metastasis. b.They grow quickly. c.They are slow growing. d.They stay in their home tissue.
- Name the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to study in a cell culture model of cancer and why?Most benign tumors are named by adding the suffix -oma to the prefix that designates the cell or tissue of origin. Name three of the prefixes and their cell or tissue of origin. Give a brief description of each.What are the danger signs of malignant tumor growth?