During the metabolism of glucose in anaerobic cells, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is essential to allow glycolysis to continue. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Why is this so essential? O A) It lowers the pH. OB) It re-oxidizes NADH to NAD+. OC) Lactate stimulates hexokinase activity.
Q: After several days of fasting, the liver begins producing relatively large amounts of ketone bodies.…
A: Ketone bodies refers to the following compounds: acetone, acetoacetate & β-hydroxybutyrate. They…
Q: The phrases or terms describe different fundamental processes of nucleic acids. Classify each phrase…
A: Replication, transcription, translation are the three processes of central dogma of life.…
Q: Determine how many water molecules are used to completely oxidize Lignocerate (24:0) 8 10 014 011 9…
A: Fatty acids are long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl end. Glycogen is the storage form of…
Q: Glucose 6-phosphate is fed to a cell line capable of utilizing the pentose phosphate pathway and…
A: There is constant interplay between the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and Gluconeogenesis. The…
Q: a. In active muscle cells, the pO2 is about 10 torr at the cell surface and 1 torr at the…
A: Myoglobin and hemoglobin are oxygen storage and transport proteins. Myoglobin, whose primary…
Q: Brown fat is a specialized form of fat that has high levels of mitocho contain uncoupling proteins.…
A: Brown adipose tissue is specialized in burning fat and is responsible for adaptive, non-shivering…
Q: Task #3: Design primers 1 agagtctcct cagacgccga gatgctggtc atggcgcccc gaaccgtcct cctgctgctc 61…
A: A primer is a short single-stranded nucleotide chain used for the initiation of DNA synthesis. In…
Q: In an immunoassay, antibodies used to recognize and bind to antigens are called primary antibodies…
A: Immunoassays are used to detect the presence of an antigen (or even an antibody). Primary…
Q: what is does the induced -fit model account for? 2 why are most enzyme inactive at higher…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…
Q: How many ATPs are generated in the reaction: Glucose to oxidation to 2 acetyl CoA via Glycerol…
A: A redox reaction is where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. In glycolysis, there is a…
Q: The question is not being answered for either of them. What is the maximum ATP including converting…
A: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, consist of four protein…
Q: Draw the synthesis of the dinucleotide formed between ATP and GMP. The 5' triphosphate can be…
A: Guanosine Monophosphate kinase catalyze the phosphate transfer reaction in which the terminal gamma…
Q: LO 53- Determine the type of mutations based on the effect in the amino acid chain "missense,…
A: Missense, non-sense and silent mutation are the types of point mutation. In point mutation, one base…
Q: What does RNAi do? O a. O b. O C. It binds to DNA double helix and cleaves DNA. It inhibits…
A: RNAi or RNA interference is an highly conserved process.
Q: 4. Amphiphilic Lipids. Detergents are small amphiphilic molecules that tend to form micelles in…
A: Ionic detergents contain anionic or cationic head group long with their hydrophobic tails being…
Q: Write the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized from a DNA template strand having the sequence…
A: Genetic information in our body is stored in form of DNA. DNA multiples itself by replication. DNA…
Q: The enzyme that decarboxylates pyruvate before it gets converted to Acetyl CoA is a. Pyruvate…
A: Citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway that converts carbon atoms to CO2 and, in doing so,…
Q: Describe the mechanism for moving acetyl-CoA produced in the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol…
A: An enzyme called acetyl CoA carboxylase in the cytoplasm catalyzes the carboxylation of Acetyl CoA…
Q: A solution of 150 mM NaCl is considered isotonic to cells because: A. Causes cells to shrink B.…
A: Diffusion refers to the movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of…
Q: O SCOA COASH
A: This particular Retro-Claisen reaction is carried our by the enzyme Thiolase. This particular…
Q: Why can physostigmine, an AchE blocker, be used to treat myasthenia gravis? OA. Physostigmine blocks…
A: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder. In this disorder there is muscle weakness due to…
Q: How does the binding of a hormone to a receptor activate a G-protein? a. It replaces bound GDP…
A: G Protein Coupled Receptors These are also called metabotropic receptors or heptahelical…
Q: Among the given statements, which ones are true for phospholipids? 1. They are anionic or…
A: Lipids are biomolecules, which are non-polar in nature. They are classified as simple lipids,…
Q: 4. Write the equation for the digestion (hydrolysis) of Phe-Asp-Ala.
A: A tripeptide is made up of three amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. A peptide bond is…
Q: 1. Name all the proteins that are in the DNA replication fork in E. Coli, and describe the functions…
A: Introduction DNA acts as genetic material in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA replication is a…
Q: 1 Draw a general sketch ( backbone only ) of a protein alpha- helix and a beta shet.
A: Hi, thank you for the question. As per the honor code, we'll answer the first question since the…
Q: 。. An investigator has a strand of chromosomal DNA whose sequence is shown. She wants to use…
A: PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a lab procedure that amplified fragments of DNA by using a…
Q: 1) Gluconeogenesis refers to ________. A) the breakdown of glycogen B) the formation of glucose from…
A: Generally, glucose is the preferred source of energy in our body. But of we are not eating properly…
Q: Following data were obtained in a study of enzymatic reaction that follows the Michaelis Menten…
A: 1. Km is the substrate concentration at which the Vmax is half. Km (concentration of substrate) =…
Q: Which of the following statements is true about the well-fed state? O a. Liver glycogen is…
A: The well-fed state is the absorptive state that begins immediately after meal consumption. It is…
Q: E (A) ernisto q (B) muhdiliups noitsioozzib 293izonuod to noitent norw My 0.8 21 (C)sgil 9911 to ne…
A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…
Q: does BPG bind to deoxyhemoglobin only?why BPG does not bind to oxyhemoglobin? what is chemical…
A: Hemoglobin is a globular protein, ie it is roughly spherical. It is a tetramer of two types of…
Q: Palmitate is a 16-carbon fatty acid. After complete B-oxidation of one molecule of palmitate, how…
A: Beta oxidation is the oxidation or catabolism of fatty acids that take place in mitochondria. Two…
Q: Meselson-Stahl Experiment showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative. In the experiment, DNA…
A: DNA replication is the biological process by which two identical replicas of DNA from one original…
Q: Q2. Circle true or false for each stat ni bavlovni smyno sto siqmsxs n6 zi sbimsoqu 1) T F Oxygen…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first five…
Q: 7. Specificity of membrane transporters. A protein that transports amino acids across the cell…
A: In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding at the active site…
Q: In this age of COVID-19, hand washing is very important. Describe the nature of a surfactant, and…
A: INTRODUCTION : Surfactant : They are molecules which are amphiphilic in nature, which means that…
Q: The mismatch DNA repair mechanism is based on the fact that: O a. O b. O C. O d. The parental DNA…
A: Mismatch repair is a process in which mismatched nucleotides present in the complementary paired…
Q: true or false: The final product(s) of purine catabolism are excreted as urea
A: Purine catabolism is the metabolic pathway in which purines are broken down into simple products .…
Q: . a. Explain why the melting point of palmitic acid (16 carbons, no double bonds) is slightly lower…
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…
Q: 16. The overall reaction for the glycolysis reaction is C6H₁2O6(aq) + 2NAD+ (aq) + 2ADP³- (aq) +…
A: Glycolysis is the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose into pyruvate with net generation of 2ATP and…
Q: A total of 2.5 x 105 cells were harvested from the patient. You need the cells to fill a scaffold…
A: For calculation of volume we need to know the basic formula of l×b×h
Q: Which of the following statements concerning fatty acid oxidation is NOT true? O a. The way of fatty…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…
Q: How does ATP regulate the activity of PFK-1? ATP binds to PFK-1 at the catalytic site as a…
A: The enzyme phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) catalyzes the following reaction: Fructose 6-P + ATP –>…
Q: Explain how glucose can be created from other molecules under starvation conditions.
A: Animals—including humans—use a complex set of hormonal and metabolic adaptations to help them endure…
Q: Which of the following is TRUE under the following conditions: the enzyme concentration is 2.5 nM,…
A: The rate of reaction can be determined by using Michaelis Menten equation. Michaelis Menten equation…
Q: In histones, there are high content of two residues: Lys and Arg, because these residues can break…
A: Histones are a special highly alkaline proteins which are found in the nucleus of the eukaryotic…
Q: Can all abnormal hemoglobin be diagnosed by electrophoresis ?Explain why or why not .
A: Electrophoresis means migration of charged particles under the influence of an electric field.…
Q: 2-phosphoglycerate ATP or acetyl CoA glucose ATP or NADH ADP ATP NADH ADP or acetyl CoA pyruvate…
A: Glycolysis is a process in which one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecule of pyruvate…
Q: Write the step(s) involved in converting IMP to GMP, including the structures of all reactants and…
A: Introduction: The purine biosynthesis pathway takes place in the cytosol of all the cells. The…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Glucosamine is a common compound that inhibits hexokinase action (the transfer of a phosphate group to glucose during glycolysis). A) Describe the consequences of glucosamine exposure on cellular respiration. B) Is glucosamine exposure fatal? Why or why not?Which of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3PG b) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG c) Conversion of PEP to pyruvate d) Conversion of 2,3-BPG to 2PG e) Phosphorylation of glucoseIn some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose phosphate pathway. a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail. b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway, the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.
- Select which of the following enzymes unique to glycolysis are also sites of regulation for glycolysis. Select all that apply. a) glyceraldehyde 3 P dehydrogenase b) PFK c) pyruvate kinase d) hexokinase e) enolase f) phosphoglycerate mutase10) The glycerol phosphate shuttle functions in. A) Lipid catabolism C) Anaerobic glycolysis for the regeneration of NAD 8) Triglyceride synthesis D) Aerobic glycolysis to transport NAH equivalents resulting from glycolysis into mitochondria. 11) In muscles, the pyruvate is converted into lactate. Find the correct statement A) During lactate formation, NADH is reconverted into NAD B) During the product of lactate two AT are produced C) Lactate is the substrate from the downstream pathway D) Lactate acts as the substrate for the formation of amino acid 12) Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes A) Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by CAMP 8) Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids C) Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone stimulated increases in cAMP levels D) Activation of cAMP production by Insulin 13) Glycolysis consists of three irreversible steps. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the reaction are…Listed are some hypothetical medical conditions, describe their effect on cellular respiration (specifically refer to the effect they will have on energy production). a) A person is unable to take glucose into their cells. b) A mutation occurs in the ATP synthase protein and it is inactive. c) The mitochondrial inner membrane is very permeable to H+.
- the reaction catalyzed by glyceradehyde 3-phosphate dehydrigenase is based on NAD+ and a active site cysteine. Also another phosphate group is added. what is the reason for that? a) because one ATP is consumed b) an inorganic phosphate is activated for ATP synthesis C) NADH can be recycld and than converted back to NAD+ for glycolysis d) because one ATP is generateda.) in human, under what condition will pyruvate be converted to lactate? what type of reaction occurs when pyruvate is converted to lactate? b.) in human, what happens to pyruvate when there is sufficient oxygen supply? which enzyme is involved in this chemical reaction?Consider the following reaction. What is the consequence of the increase of cytosolic CAMP concentration during the fight-or-flight response? Adenylyl cyclase ATP CAMP PPi O a) The breakdown of glycogen into glucose 1-phosphate O b) The inhibition of glycolysis c) The inhibition of the phosphofructokinase d) The inhibition of the citric acid cycle e) The inhibition of the protein kinase A
- Name a compound that can serve as a raw material for gluconeogenesis and is from the a.) glycolytic pathway ) from the citric acid cycle c.) an amino acid. Glucose is the only carbohydrate that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation?: a.) glycolysis b.) gluconeogenesis or c.) glycogenesis? Explain. The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, cannot enter as such into the citric acid cycle. Which process converts this C3 compound to a C2 compound? Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway? Based on the names of the enzymes participating in glycolysis, what would be the name of the enzyme catalyzing the activation of glycerol?The major control enzyme in glycolysis is: a) hexokinase b) phosphofructokinase c) aldolase d) pyruvate kinase In step 4, when fructose-1,6-biphosphate is cleaved, the two molecules formed are: a) GAP and DHAP b) GAP and 3-PG c) 3-PG and 2-PG d) PEP and pyruvate NAD is used in which step? A) conversion of DHAP to GAP b) conversion of GAP to 1,3-BPG c) conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3-PG d) conversion of PEP to pyrunate The number of ATP molecules formed at the substrate level in glycolysis is: a) 1 B) 2 c) 3 d) 5 The number of ATP molecules formed indirectly via oxidative phosphorylation in glycolysis is: a) 1 B) 2 c) 3 d) 5The key regulatory enzymes in glycolysis are: A) hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. B) hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. C) hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.