End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? ATP are generated per glucose. (Tolerance is +/- 2%)
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- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)AG" = -69.5 kJ · mol- The percent efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is 35%. Calculate the number of ATP generated by Complex I. Use 1 significant figure. The amount of ATP generated by Complex I is mol ATP. The equation for the overall reaction that occurs in Complex I is shown as: NADH + H+ + Q = NAD+ + QH2 Please explain! Thank you so much..Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?
- The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cell. 2. The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. How many protons are taken up from the matrix and transferred or used at each ETC complex?1. Cyanide, oligomycin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol are all inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochon- dria. Provide an explanation to the following conditions regarding these potent inhibitors. (a) Explain why adding cyanide to an active in vitro suspension of mitochondria blocks ATP synthesis. What happens to the rate of ATP synthesis when 2,4-dinitrophenol is added to this mitochon- drial suspension after it was treated with cyanide? (b) Explain why the rate of oxygen consumption decreases in an in vitro suspension of mito- chondria when oligomycin is added. What happens to the rate of oxygen consumption in this oligomycin- inhibited system after adding 2,4-dinitrophenol? Explain.Sonicating a suspension of mitochondria produces submitochondrial particles derived from the innermitochondrial membrane. These membranous vesicles seal inside out, so that the intermembrane space of themitochondria becomes the lumen of the submitochondrial particle. Explain (or diagram) the process of electrontransfer and oxidative phosphorylation in these particles. Assuming all the substrates for oxidativephosphorylation are present in excess, does ATP synthesis increase or decrease with an increase in the pH ofthe fluid in which the submitochondrial particles are suspended? Why?
- The AG of the reaction C6H12O6 + 60₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P₁ --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.The AG of the reaction C6H1206+602 --> 6 CO2 + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Type your answer... rces K esc Q 7 c с 72 W #3 E 14 R LL Search or type URL % 65 T G A MacBook Pro 6 Y H & 7 U * 8 + - ( 9 J ၂ ။ K 0 ) 0 L P { + 11 } ] Submit delete returnUsing a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membrane
- 23. An important step in glycolysis is the formation of ATP and pyruvate from phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) and ADP. PEP ADP pyruvate+ATP The equilibrium constant (Keq) for this reaction is approximately 2.5x10°. Calculate standard free energy change (AG°') for this reaction. Show your work. onege b. Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic at standard conditions? If, at equilibrium, the concentrations of ADP and ATP are 0.2 mM and 2.0 mM, respectively, what is the equilibrium concentration ratio of [pyruvate] to [PEP]? Show your work. с.2. The overall result of CH,OH + 2 NAD+ + 2 NADH glycolysis can be summarized by the equation on the right in which HO the glucose origins of the carbon atoms in pyruvate are color coded. Show by writing the reactions catalyzed by aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase and num- bering the carbons why this is the fate of glucose carbon atoms in pyruvate. Indicate numbering of carbons in Glucose-6-Pi, Fructose-1,6-BisPi, enzyme products, and pyruvate. HO + 2 Pi 2 + 2 ATP > OH + 2 ADP (CH3 + 2 H20 Glucose PyruvateWhat proportion of 3-phosphoglycerate will carry 14C after five enzymatic turnovers 2) (five equivalents of CO2 are fixed) if purified active rubisco in a test tube is exposed to 100% 14CO2? Explain. This is the cycle that we are supposed to use when answering the question. I am not sure where to start when finding the proportions. know chemi cal Structures - nams for The Calvin Cycle Energy production via glycolysis; starch or ADP CO (3) Stage 1: Fixation ATP (3) Stage 3: Regeneration (3) of acceptor sugar CHOH synthesis снон CH;0- Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate (3) (5) Pi-triose phosphate antiporter CHO (1) CHOH foo SHOH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (6) 3-Phosphoglycerate (6) "triose phosphates" Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Stage 2: Reduction (6) NADP+ (6) NADPH + H* ADP ATP (6) (6) (6)