Let's say that the willingness to pay for public goods is given as follows. Assuming that the cost of the supply of public goods is constant at $225, what is the amount of supply that maximizes the consumer surplus from the supply of public goods? The supply of public goods Peter Mary Kate Jacob 1 215 2 160 250 200 340 270 120 100
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- Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium, assuming that there are no laws banning smoking in public. Label the equilibrium private market price and quantity as Pm and Qm. Add whatever is needed to the model to show the impact of the negative externality from second-hand smoking. (Hint: In this case it is the consumers, not the sellers, who are creating the negative externality.) Label the social optimal output and price as Fe and Qe. On the graph, shade in the deadweight loss at the market output.Some economists argue that early child care generates an external benefit to society. Consider the following supply-and-demand graph for early childhood education. A. How does the market equilibrium differ from what is best for society? B. If the government was going to provide a per-unit subsidy in this market in order to achieve the socially optimal outcome, how large of a subsidy would the government ne to provide? C. How much in total would the government need to spend in this market each month to achieve a socially optimal outcome? Price ($ per month) Supply $1,300 $1,200 $1,000 $900 Marginal social benefit Marginal private benefit (demand) 23 26 Quantity (millions per month)2 Which of the following best describes where total surplus is maximized when an extemality cxists in a market? Choose 1 answer: The quantity where marginal social cost equals marginal private benet. The quantity where marginal social benefit equas marginal private cost. The quantity where marginal social cost is higher than marginal private cost The quantity where marginal social benefit is higher than marginal private benefit The quantity where marginal social cost equals marginal social benet.
- 11. The market for cigarettes in Chapel Hill is given by the following demand and supply curves, where Q is packs of cigarettes: P = 20-2QD and P= 2 + Qs Assume that each pack of cigarettes smoked imposes an external cost of $6/pack on others in the form of second hand smoke. a. Calculate the equilibrium price and quantity of cigarettes. In an effort to decrease cigarette sales, the Chapel Hill city council has decided to impose a $4 tax on the buyers of cigarettes. b. What is the tax wedge? C. Sketch a graph showing the effect of the tax. Clearly label MPC, MSC, MPB, MSB, CS, PS, the tax revenue (TR), and DWL. d. Calculate PBUYER, PSELLER, and QTAX. IThe following table shows how the marginal benefit of a service varies for five consumers. Quantity 1 2 3 4 Serkan 150 125 100 75 Asuman 125 100 75 50 Bahar 100 75 50 25 Murat 200 150 125 125 Meriç 600 400 200 150 Derive the demand curve for this service assuming that it is a public good. If marginal cost of the good is 850, what is the efficient output of the public good? If marginal cost of the good is 425, what is the efficient output of the public good? If marginal cost of the good is 850, what is the efficient output assuming it is private good?Externalities: End of Chapter Problem In Chapter 6, we said that taxes create deadweight losses. When we tax goods with external costs, should we worry about deadweight losses? Why or why not? Any deadweight losses O should not conern us. Deadweight losses are the result of transactions that no longer occur and the problem with negative externalities is that too many transactions occur. O should concern us. If there is a negative externality associated with a good, the deadweight loss from a tax simply exacerbates society's welfare costs. from a tax are counter-productive. Why would we tax goods with negative externalities when the remedy for a negative externality is a subsidy? should concern us. Deadweight losses sound bad because they are bad; we should always avoid deadweight losses.
- 11. Compared to a good with no externalities, a good with a negative externality will appear to have experienced a OIncrease in Supply ODecrease in Supply Olncrease in Demand ODecrease in Demand at each corresponding price...A) Figure 10-1 (above)- For the described negative externality, what is the market Price/Quantity combination without any efforts to correct the market? B) Figure 10-1 (above)- For the described negative externality, what will happen to the equilibrium price and quantity if the government imposes a tax to remedy the negative externality (don't use exact numbers)? C) For a negative externality, briefly explain why and how the governmentmay get involved in the market. In your response, provide an example (type of product or service).Using the following graph, an increase in output from 120 units to 160 units would $24 $22 $20 $18 $16 Price $14- $12- $10- $8 $6 $4 $2- 20 40 Supply (private cost and external cost) 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 be an action of which a benevolent social planner would approve. increase total economic well-being. increase the external cost per unit of output. O move the market from a socially efficient outcome to a socially inefficient outcome. -Supply (private cost) Demand (private value) Quantity
- The following table shows how the marginal benefit of a service varies for five consumers. Quantity Serkan Asuman Bahar 1 150 125 100 200 600 Derive the demand curve for this service assuming 2 125 100 75 150 400 3 100 75 50 125 200 Murat Meriç that it is a public good. If marginal cost of the good is 850, what is the efficient output of the public good? If marginal cost of the good is 425, what is the efficient output of the public good? If marginal cost of the good is 850, what is the efficient output assuming it is private good?Considermarketforagoodcharacterizedbythefollowinginverse demand and supply functions: PX = 10 − 2QX and PX = 2 + 2QX.a. Compute the surplus received by consumers and producers.b. Now suppose all manufacturers of this good are to pay a lump tax of $0.10that will be used by the government regulators to defray some of the environmental cost imposed by this good’s production. What will be the new surplus received by consumers and producers?c. Based on your results in part ‘b’ above, how will you evaluate the impact of this tax policy on the society? ExplainK Steel production creates pollution. If a tax is imposed on steel production equal to the marginal external cost of the pollution it creates, O A. steel producers will continue to produce the inefficient quantity of steel OB. the deadweight loss created by steel producers will be cut to zero OC. steel producers will cut pollution to zero O D. the market price of steel will rise by the amount of the tax Submit te: