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The soil bacterium Azotobacter can be enriched from soil using liquid media, which must contain the following
- Mannitol
- Nitrate (NO3-)
- Amino Acids
- Ammonia (NH4+)
- All the above
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- Menaquinones is produced by Flavobacterium meningosepticum via submerged fermentation with 60% working volume in 30-L fermentation. To obtain the crude menaquinones, the fermentation medium is centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes. The vacuum-freeze dried particles are crushed and collected. After that the samples are treated with methanol for 20 minutes. To remove polar lipid compounds from bacterial cells, HZ816 macroporous adsorption resin column is used with methanol-dichloromethane (l:1) as mobile phase and flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. Rotary evaporation at 500 C is carried out to concentrate the eluent. After that, the concentrated sample is purified with Bio-BeadsTM S-X3 to remove components without UV absorption. To obtain the homolog purified menaquinones, RP-C18 column is used. Recrystallization is carried out to obtain pure crystalized menaquinones. Answer the following: Indicate how to obtain the sample in the methanol solvent. Three different chromatography are used in…Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes stomach ulcers, can grow in medium with a pH above 5. It can survive but not grow in pH 2 medium as long as the medium contains Urea. You inoculate a pH 2 broth with 1,000,000 H. pylori and for 8 hours the organism did not grow. The next morning however, the medium has become quite turbid, suggesting that the organism has grown. Explain how this could happen. What phylum and class does this organism belong?how do microorganisms such as bacteria eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species? Nitrate reduction to nitrite is indicated by the formation of a pink to red colour after addition of nitrate test reagent. However, if a culture does not produce a colour change several posibilies exist. Explain.
- Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) Medium H2S produced, color and +/-: ______________________________ Indole present/Tryptophan hydrolysis, color and +/-: ___________________________ Motile or non-motile: _____________________________Nitrate reduction test can be used to differentiate between Pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae. You inoculated your Nitrate broth with your unknown; after incubation, you added 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B. You observe a red color within 2 minutes. Is this a + or a - reaction? Assuming you did not get a red color, you then added a pinch of Zinc and this time tou obtained a red color. What does this mean?Nitrate reduction to nitrite is indicated by the formation of a pink to red colour after addition of nitrate test reagent. However, if a culture does not produce a colour change several posibilies exist. Explain.
- What nutrients do the following media components contain? Peptone Yeast extract Beef extract Potato infusion Agar Why should agar media be completely dissolved before they are dispensed in tubes and plates? What are the bases for pegging the temperature at 1210C for 15-30 minutes during moist heat sterilization and 1800C for two (2) hours using dry heat sterilization? 1.Can you sterilize culture media using dry heat sterilization? Why is that so? You will notice in the videos shown, the cotton plug is not used. What is role of cotton plug in media prep, sterilization and culture of microorganisms? Instead of using cotton plug, plastic screw-cap is used, can you substitute this for the former? Is it technically acceptable in microbiology?Please include sourceThermal images are photographs of the heat emittedby an object. Researchers have used thermal imaging ofplants to isolate mutants that overproduce abscisic acid.Suggest a reason why they are warmer than wild-typeplants under conditions that are normally nonstressful.Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and causes tetanus. Would you expect tetani to possess the enzyme catalase? Explain. Research on the growth requirements of this bacterium is required.
- Sweet sorghum juice is used as sole carbon source for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The overall in situ sterilisation duration is 40 minutes at 120 0C for a pilot reactor (50 L) which is filled with 60% of working volume. The non-sterile medium consists of 3.28 x 106 contaminants L-1. During the autoclaving process, you have noticed that the time taken for heating and cooling are 18 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. As a process engineer, explain if you agree with this sterilisation practice by using quantitative analysis.Azotobacter vinelandii is being studied for the production of alginate from sucrose. In a continuous culture at 28°C with ammonia as a nitrogen source, the alginate yield obtained was 4 g/g of oxygen consumed. It is desired to produce alginate at a rate of 5 kg/h. As the viscosity of alginate in water is considerable, the energy related to stirring the broth cannot be neglected, and the fermenter is equipped with a Rushton-type turbine. For satisfactory agitation and aeration speed, the estimated energy requirement is 1.5 kW. Calculate the cooling requirement.A culture consisting of 100 litres of nutrient medium containing 12 g l-1 of growth limiting substrate is inoculated with 10g of bacteria in a batch fermenter. The yield of biomass from substrate is 0.05 g g-1 . The maintenance coefficient is 2.0 g g-1 h -1 . The specific rate of product formation due to maintenance is 1.0 h-1 . The maximum specific growth rate of the organism is 0.3 h -1 . YPX= 7.7 and product formation is directly linked with metabolism. a) What is the time required to produce 15 g of biomass? !!!!! ANS IS 3.07 HRS!!!! STEPS on how to reach this please