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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- Which one is NOT a prezygotic barrier to successful reproduction? (i.e. all of them are prezygotic barriers except one) reproductive/genital parts do not match appropriately chromosome mis-match so the offspring are sterile mutation in courtship rituals mutations in the timing of reproductionWhich of the following are sources of genetic variation? Choose ALL that apply! Hint: Choose all that apply! mutations asexual reproduction crossing over during meiosis sexual reproductionIn which behaviour of chromosomes do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other? In meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie in pairs but don't cross over; whereas, in mitosis, chromosomes remain separate and undergo crossing overr. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes don’t lie in pairs and don't undergo crossing over; whereas, in mitosis, chromosomes lie in pairs and get crossed over. In mitosis, chromosomes, as a whole, move towards the opposite poles; whereas, in meiosis I, chromatids move towards the opposite poles. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie in pairs, and form chiasmata; whereas, in mitosis homologous chromosomes dont undergo synapsis or crossing over.
- How is it that some chromosomal abnormalities are incompatible with life as early as immediately after fertilization, others may lead to spontaneous abortion within the gestation period, while others may lead to babies born but eventually expire?Gender is someone’s conscious and unconscious feelings ofbelonging to one sex or another. Each year, about 1 in 4500children are born with a disorder involving sexual development,where the chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex isatypical. Here we will consider two similar cases with different outcomes.In case 1, a 2-year-old child displayed a mosaic chromosomecomposition of 45,X/46,XY, with one ovary, one testis, a uterus, andambiguous genitalia. In case 2, a fetus was diagnosed with a mosaicchromosome composition of 46,XX/47,XXY, and after birth, also displayedone testis, one ovary, a uterus, and ambiguous genitalia. Thechild in case 1 was adopted from an orphanage and raised as a girl.After consultation with the medical team, the parents decided tocontinue raising the child as a girl and requested surgery that wouldassign the child female sex characteristics. In case 2, the parentsdecided to forego treatment and let the child make the choice aboutgender later in life and to remain…What process causes the genetic variation seen in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
- Explain how genetics of inherited traits correlate to meiosis, mitosis, cell division, cell cycle, and other chromosomal physical properties? Be thorough in your explanation and provide examples for your reasoning.Which parent(s) are genes involved in cytoplasmic inheritance inherited from? The paternal parent The maternal parent Homozygous parents Diploid parents Haploid parentshich of the following is least likely to produce genetic variation in the offspring of an individual? a cross over event during meiosis that creates a new combination of alleles in the gametes a DNA replication error caused by DNA polymerase in a body cell of the individual the random fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell during sexual reproduction independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis that creates a new combination of alleles in the gametes
- What are the steps at which genetic diversity is generated during meiosis and sexual reproduction?Define replicativesenescence.Considering both asexual and sexual reproduction, does the following statement apply to mitosis only, meiosis only, or both mitosis and meiosis? Mutations that occur during this process would ALWAYS be passed on to the next generation Neither mitosis nor meiosis Both mitosis and meiosis Meiosis only Mitosis only