What single molecule is important in all of the following processes? : electron donor to FNR, can participate in the formation of plastohydroquinone (PQH2), contributes to regulation of Calvin cycle enzymes
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What single molecule is important in all of the following processes? : electron donor to FNR, can participate in the formation of plastohydroquinone (PQH2), contributes to regulation of Calvin cycle enzymes
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- Which of the following is NOT true of photosynthesis? Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production The light-independent (“dark”) reaction makes glucose from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, using energy trapped by the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction captures electrons in NADPH, which are used for glucose synthesis in the light-independent (“dark”) reaction The light-independent (“dark”) reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP None of the other four answers (all are true of photosynthesis)There are some similarities and some differences between the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the two cycles? Both involve CO2, but in the Calvin cycle CO2 is used brought into the process as a source of carbon for the sugar being built. In the Mitochondrion, CO2 is removed from the sugar and leaves the cell. In the Calvin cycle, ATP is used to carry chemical energy from the light reactions to the the Calvin cycle where the chemical energy is incorporated in the sugar molecule that is being manufactured. In the mitochondrion, ATP is produced and brought out of the mitochondrion so it can provide chemical energy to the many activities going on in the cytoplasm The first step in the Calvin cycle, the carboxylation of RuBP, produces a 12-carbon product that splits into two 6 carbon pieces. In the first step of the citric acid…What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
- photosynthesis produces O2 which can be used in oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle produces CO2 which can be used in carbon fixation; this allows the products to be used continuously and supply the cell with the energy it needs. The process itself is amazing and very fascinating to look at; however, with the various needs necessary to continue this cycle, what happens if an error causes the citric acid cycle to halt the creation of carbon dioxide? How will the chloroplast react as carbon dioxide is needed for the carbon-fixation cycle, which ultimately allows the production of ATP?Which of the following is NOT true of photosynthesis? O The light-independent ("dark") reaction makes glucose from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water, using energy trapped by the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction captures electrons in NADPH, which are used for glucose synthesis in the light-independent ("dark") reaction None of the other four answers (all are true of photosynthesis) Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production The light-independent ("dark") reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATPIn photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? In photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? Glucose is synthesized from CO2 and water during the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP The light-dependent reaction (non-cyclic) captures electrons in NADPH Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production None of the other four answers (All are true of the light-dependent reaction)
- For the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. Calvin cycle can be organized into 3 basic stages. During the stage, the enzyme catalyze the fixation of by ribulose biphosphate. For each CO2 and RuBP, two molecules of get formed. During the phase, and are used to convert 6 molecules of 3-PGA into G3P. During the phase, one molecule of G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P regenerate . This enables the system to fix more . 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH fixation ATP pyruvate reduction…Plants undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Why don’t plants simply use the ATP pro¬duced in the light reactions of photosynthesis to drive cellular processes? A) The ATP produced during photosynthesis is chemically different from the ATP produced during cellular respiration and cannot be used for anabolic reactions B) ATP cannot be stockpiled so the plants would have no energy during non-daylight hours C) The plants have no way of getting the ATP made during photosynthesis out of the chloroplasts to the rest of the cell D) Plants rely on cellular respiration to remove excess O2 and prevent photorespiration
- Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylationPhotosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationIn biochemistry, the exergonic process ofconverting glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic metabolism can be considered the reverse of photosynthesis,in which carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose andoxygen. Do you expect both processes to be exergonic, both endergonic, or one exergonic and one endergonic? Why? Would youexpect both processes to take place in the same way? Why?