You are playing a game with a friend. It’s yourmove but you don’t have a dominant strategy.Your payoff depends on what your friend doesafter your move. You consider flipping a coin todecide what to do. You are about to reach for acoin, but then you realize that your friend has adominant strategy. Explain how using backwardinduction (rather than a coin toss) will now determine your next move
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You are playing a game with a friend. It’s your
move but you don’t have a dominant strategy.
Your payoff depends on what your friend does
after your move. You consider flipping a coin to
decide what to do. You are about to reach for a
coin, but then you realize that your friend has a
dominant strategy. Explain how using backward
induction (rather than a coin toss) will now determine your next move
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- a. The president of a Japanese electronics company, Takashi Hashiyama, famously chose the auction housefor his company’s art collection by having representatives from two auction houses, Christie’s and Sotheby’s,play a round of rock-paper-scissors. At stake were millions of dollars in commissions. Show the payoff matrixfor a game where the payoff is 1 if you win, 0 if you tie, and -1 if you lose. I’m sure you know this already, butjust in case: rock breaks scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper smothers rock. Here’s an article about the actualgame if you’re interested. b. If you were in a high stakes game…Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…
- Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.Hi this is from a textbook. Thank you. Consider the following game in which Sally can play T or B and John chooses between L or R. Each player makes their choice simultaneously. If Sally chooses T and John chooses L, Sally gets a payoff of 5 and John has a payoff of 4. If Sally plays T and John R, Sally’s payoff is 8 and John gets 3. If Sally Chooses B and John L, the payoffs are 3 to Sally and 2 to John. Finally, if Sally chooses B and John R, the payoffs are 7 to Sally and 0 to John. Which statement is true? a) The Nash equilibrium is (B,R); this is a prisoners’ dilemma b) The Nash equilibrium is (T,R); this is a prisoners’ dilemma c) The Nash equilibrium is (T,R); this is not dominant strategy equilibrium d) The Nash equilibrium is (T,L); this is a dominant strategy equilibrium e) None of the aboveIn game theory, a dominant strategy is the best strategy to pick, no matter which moves are chosen by the other player. O to make the exact same move that was made by the other player. the choice that causes the payoff for the other player to be minimized, regardless of the payoff it earns the best strategy to pick, assuming the other player makes his or her best possible choice. to allocate all personnel resources towards defensive talent in order to dominate opposing offenses. 46°F
- Consider the following simultaneous game: Player 1 U D Player 2 L 20,-10 -10, 20 R -10, 20 20,-10 Please indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Player 1 has a dominant strategy. This game has a Nash equilibrium. This game has a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies. Player 1's best response is D if player 2 plays R.A case study in the chapter describes a phoneconversation between the presidents of AmericanAirlines and Braniff Airways. Let’s analyze thegame between the two companies. Suppose thateach company can charge either a high price fortickets or a low price. If one company charges $300,it earns low profit if the other company also charges$300 and high profit if the other company charges$600. On the other hand, if the company charges $600,it earns very low profit if the other company charges$300 and medium profit if the other company alsocharges $600.a. Draw the payoff matrix for this game.b. What is the Nash equilibrium in this game?Explain.c. Is there an outcome that would be better than theNash equilibrium for both airlines? How could itbe achieved? Who would lose if it were achieved?Aedri Quick Lesson in Game Theory A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy. 2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium? a) Yes b) No esc The Ice Cream Guys $3.99 $4.99 + Chucky's Chunky CCT: $20,000 $3.99 ICG: $20,000 CCT: $60,000 ICG: $10,000 tab Treats CCT: $10,000 $4.99 ICG: $60,000 CCT: $40,000 ICG: $40,000 The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone. %3D caps lo 2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy? a) $3.99 b) $4.99 c) Not enough information hift 2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation? a) Both charge $3.99 b) Both charge $4.99 c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99 d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99 2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it is against the law). Which outcome would…
- Please look at the payoff matrix below which shows the benefits that would accrue to each player in a 2-player.non-sequential, non-repeated game. a) Identify the collusive (cooperative) equilibrium. b) Identify the secure strategy (maximin) equilibrium c) Identify the maximax equilibrium d) Identify the Nash equilibrium Apple Inc. Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 20 40 60 60 1000 200 Strategy A 70 50 90 Banana Inc. 400 70 300 Strategy B 40 80 100 90 150 80 Strategy CIn a game theory payoff matrix. Your company (A) and a major competitor (B) havetwo potential strategies: to advertise or to not advertise during the Super Bowl. The payoffs in each cell represent the change in firm profits from advertising. How would you create payoffs in each cell such that the Nash equilibrium is that both firms advertise despite having a higher profit if neither firm advertisedMark and Bevis play a static game. Mark chooses x and Bevis chooses y. Mark's payoff is 16 - (x- y)2, and Bevis' payoff is 16 - (x-0.5)2 - (y-0.5)2. Then O a. both Mark and Bevis have dominant strategies O b. Mark has a dominant strategy, but Bevis does not O c. Bevis has a dominant strategy, but Mark does not O d. neither Mark or Bevis have dominant strategies