Concept explainers
Based on patterns of fascicle arrangement, name the four types of skeletal muscle.
To identify:
The four types of skeletal muscles based on the pattern of fascicle arrangement.
Concept introduction:
When the muscle fibers form a bundle shape in the skeletal muscle, it is called as a fascicle arrangement. The fascicle arrangement is dissimilar in different types of muscles. The four types of skeletal muscles based on the pattern of fascicle arrangement are the parallel, convergent, pennate and circular.
Explanation of Solution
The muscles fibers are present in bundle forms in the body and forms a pattern called as the fascicle arrangement. The fascicle arrangement can be seen in four different types of skeletal muscles that are as follow:
1. Parallel muscles:
The arrangement of muscles is parallel to the muscle’s long axis. Some muscles are cylindrical and plump with the tendons.
For example: Biceps muscles of the arm; parallel with a central body. Parallel muscle adjusts itself by increasing its diameter, when it gets contracted. It can become shorten by 30% of its size, during contraction. The contraction depends on the tension developed and the total number of microfibrils present in the muscles.
2. Convergent muscles:
These muscles can easily extend or converge on the same site. A raphe is defined as the band of collagen fibers.
For example: muscles of chest extend like a fan over an area. These muscles can be pulled easily because only one end of the muscle is attached, and the other end is extended.
3. Pennate muscles:
A common angle is seen between the fascicle and tendon, so the muscle fibre is pulled in an angle. Here, the tendons do not move because of the contraction in pennate muscles. Pennate muscles can produce more tension as compared to the parallel muscles because of the presence of more myofibrils in the pennate muscles.
For example: muscles of the shoulder are multipennate.
4. Circular muscles:
These are the types of muscles present around the openings and their contraction makes the opening further more smaller in size.
For example: body openings, hollow organs and so on.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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