Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.6, Problem 9LO
Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary history for cell signaling molecules.
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Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in some ways and different in others. Offer one or more hypotheses for these similarities and differences,and cite specific examples.
Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in those ways and different in others. Offer one or more hypotheses for these similarities and differences, and cite specific examples.
You stimulated the cell with a ligand and analyzed the response. Upon ligand treatment, the cell increased the expression of gene α and decreased expression of gene β. When you inhibit cyclic AMP production by treating the cell with an inhibitor of Adenylyl cyclase, the increased expression of gene α was not observed but the decrease gene β expression was still observed.
a) What you can expect for gene α regulation by this ligand? What signaling mechanism could be used?
b) To determine how gene β is regulated by the ligand via what signaling mechanism, provide your hypothesis and indicate a potential experiment that you can perform to test that.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Practice ques tion 1A Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Which of the below mutations (#1-5) could potentially cause cancer in an individual? Be sure to explain why. Info: In many mammalian species, including humans, there is a hormone (H) that acts as a key regulator of hexose (6 carbon sugar, eg - glucose) metabolism, cell cycle progression, and ultimately cell survival. Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRu) and within the cell (icRu). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormone H are depicted and described below. hormone Signalling via the cell surface receptor Hormone H mediates its cell cycle stimulatory and pro-survival effects by binding to and activating the cell surface hormone H receptor (csRu). · The activated csBH activates Lyn, which activates RAS and ultimately the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase…arrow_forwardCell Communications Explain the role of the trans-membrane and the intracellular protein receptors in cell signaling (provide an example of each).arrow_forwardExplain how an indirect neurotransmitter receptor mechanism (like A-G linked receptor) conduct cell signaling?arrow_forward
- Explain the importance of the termination of cell signaling, and ways this can be accomplishedarrow_forwardUse the SGF-signaling pathway image as a reference, to answer the following questions. Use the data provided to EXPLAIN if the cell will get to the response step or not. Keep in mind the purpose of this pathway is to cause skin cell division Growth Factor (GF-signal) Activation of GF Receptor (RTK-receptor) To cause Cell proliferation/cell division (Response) Plasma membrane Sos Grb2 (Ras GEF) (adapter) Raf МАРКK Mek МАРКK Activation of target genes that stimulate proliferation Erk МАРК You have a skin cell in a dish and have added Neural Growth Factor (NGF) to the cell media (the liquid the cell needs to live).arrow_forwardProvide an overview of the cell signaling process.arrow_forward
- WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties oflife emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of acell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay (about100–150 words) that briefly explains the role of apoptosis inthe development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process thatemerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.arrow_forwardGTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEFarrow_forwardCan you please describe the role of G proteins in ligand-activated cellular signal transduction.arrow_forward
- A current focus of molecular medicine is to trigger or promote apoptosis of specific cells. several components of the apoptotic pathways are being targeted using this approach. for following, state specifically how the treatment would be expected to stimulate or inhibit apoptosis. c. Treatment of cells with organic compounds that enter the cell and bind with high affinity to the active site of Caspase-3arrow_forwardBriefly explain how integral membrane proteins can participate in intracellular signaling.arrow_forwardUsing examples, describe the signalling pathway from receptor tyrosinekinase activation to gene transcription, highlighting key phosphorylationevents and domains involvedarrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license