Concept explainers
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning.
Which detection method or methods measure the gravitational tug of a planet on its star, allowing us to estimate planetary mass? (a) the transit method only (b) the Doppler method only (c) the astrometric and Doppler methods
The method or methods use to estimate planetary mass.
Answer to Problem 1QQ
Correct option is (c) the astrometric and Doppler methods both allow us to estimate the planetary mass.
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
Planets are extremely faint; their parent stars are billion times brighter than them they are used to find the information about extrasolar planets. Scientist found indirect methods to find and explore the existence of extrasolar planets.
Astrometry is one of the most sensitive methods to detect information about extrasolar planets. To estimate the planet's mass Astronomers, observe the minuscules motion of stars about the center of mass. The gravitational force of the planet effects the stars.
Doppler method is used to detect the orbital motion of the wobbling stars. In the spectrum of stars absorption line shift towards blue when stars move towards the planet while the spectrum shift towards red if stars move away from the planet. This method helps us to detect the mass of the planet as a more massive planet has a greater gravitational effect on the orbital motion of the stars.
The transit method cannot measure the mass of a single planet but in multiple planetary systems, the gravitational force of one planet over other planet affects the timing of transits.
Conclusion:
Astrometric and Doppler's methods are used to measure the gravitational tug of a planet on a star can help us measure and estimate planetary mass.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
Physics: Principles with Applications
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
- State the definition for a parsec, and derive its value in terms of As- tronomical Units. Convert your answer for the value of the distance of a parsec in Astronomical Units into light years. Be sure to include a large and clearly labeled diagram showing how you arrived at your conclusions. Be sure to show all work!arrow_forwardUsing Kepler's 3rd law solve the following problem. Show your work and highlight your answer. In a distant star system there are many inhabitable planets. One of these planets is named Qomar. Qomar is 3.2 AU's from its star and takes 6.5 Earth years to go around its star once. There is another planet in the same star system called Ferenginar. Ferenginar is 0.9 AUs from the star. What is the length of a Ferengi year (on Ferenginar) in terms of Earth years?arrow_forwardSee the screenshot uploaded. Answer in a step-by-step format, add diagrams, and detailed side notes for a better understanding. For a more clear response please answer on paper Thank you!arrow_forward
- Using MBH = 6.6 × 10 Mo, calculate the below. a. Find radius of the Schwarzschild sphere (Schwarzschild radius Rs). You can calculated from the appropriate formula or just use the fact that for an object of 1 solar mass Rs = 3 km. b. Express Rs in km, in AU, in parsecs. c. Using the distance to M87 and your result above, find angular radius of the SMBH (Schwarzschild radius). Express it in arcseconds (") and micro- arcseconds (pas) d. Take the radius of Pluto's orbit equal to 40 AU and find its angular size (in micro-arcseconds, pas) at the distance of M87.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding the "water hole"? Group of answer choices It consists of frequencies which are greater than the frequencies of atmospheric emissions. It relates to the natural frequencies of vibration of hydroxyl (OH) and hydrogen (H), respectively. It occurs in that part of the electromagnetic spectrum where the galactic "noise" from stars and interstellar clouds is minimized. It is considered the "electromagnetic oasis" for interstellar communication. It corresponds to wavelengths in the 18-21 cm range.arrow_forwardExplain what is meant by the distance ladder in astronomy. Describe briefly how each “rung” of the distance ladder is calibrated so that a reliable measure of distance can be obtained using each of the methods. State clearly the range of distances that can be measured by each method that makes up the distance ladder.arrow_forward
- a) Sketch a generic HR diagram, including labels for the axes. (Take a picture or scan your work and upload it as a separate file.) b) Consider the following three stars, place them on your HR diagram and determine their rough spectral type and class of star. Also calculate their size relative to the Sun. I) L = 0.001 Lsun T = 3000~K II) L = 20,000 Lsun T = 4000K III) L = 0.001 Lsun T = 15,000Karrow_forwardSuppose there were a planet in our Solar System orbiting at a distance of 0.5 AU from the Sun, and having ten times the mass and four times the radius of Earth. For reference, the Earth has a mass of 5.97 × 10*24 kg and a radius of 6,378 km. a)Calculatethe density of this hypothetical planet. b)Basedon your answer from part a), what do you think this planet would be made of? Explain your c)Dothis planet’s properties agree with the condensation theory for the formation of our Solar System? Why or why not?arrow_forwardThe time it takes for a cloud 106,000 AU in radius to collapse in "free-tall to form a new star is half the time it would take for an object to orbit the star on an extremely elliptical orbit with a semimajor axis of 53,000 AU (half the 106.000 AU radius). Part A Use Kepler's third law to find the collapse time, assuming the star has the same mass as the Sun. Express your answer in years to two significant figures. VE ΑΣΦΑ t= Submit Provide Feedback Request Answer yearsarrow_forward
- Please provide the solution to the following question using the GRASS method. (Unit: Gravitational, Electric, and Magnetic Fields). Images attached are the formulas for this unit and the question. Please make sure to show all your work using the GRASS (given, required, analysis, solution, and statement) method and using formulas from this unit (Gravitational, Electric, and Magnetic Fields).arrow_forwardProblem 4. Physical Features of the Giant Planets: Volume and Density of Jupiter (Palen, et. al. 1st Ed. Chapter 8 Problem 57 ) Jupiter is an oblate (Links to an external site.) planet with an average radius of 69,900 km, compared to Earth’s average radius of 6,370 km. How many Earth volumes could fit inside Jupiter? Jupiter is 318 times as massive as the Earth. How does Jupiter’s density compare (Links to an external site.) to that of Earth?arrow_forwardProcedure Table 11.1 presents Djup and Pday for the major Jovian satellites. First use these data and the equation above to calculate Jupiter’s mass in kilograms (kg). Enter your results in the table for each satellite. Next calculate the average Jupiter mass (Mjup, av) and enter the result in the table. Finally, calculate the percent difference (PD) using Mjup, av and the standard value for Jupiter’s mass (1.9 X 1027 kg). In the calculation of PD you can ignore 1027 because it will appear in both numerator and denominator. ________________________________________________________ Table 11.1 Calculated values for Jupiter’s Mass Satellite Djup Pday Mjup Io 2.95 1.77 Europa 4.69 3.55 Ganymede 7.50 7.15 Callisto 13.15 16.7 __________________________________________________________ Average Jupiter Mass = Percent Difference =arrow_forward
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSONIntroduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
- Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningLecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-WesleyCollege Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON