Unit 4 Assignment: Critical Thinking in Psychology
Shakirah Tulloch
PS 501
August 29, 2017
Kaplan University
Critical Thinking in Psychology This paper is based off of a peer reviewed research article. The construct being assessed is the self-esteem of adolescents. One who has high self-esteem will feel confident and will see themselves as deserving the respect of others. High self-esteem enables the individual to be happy, have lots of energy, stay focused, and to be successful. Low self-esteem can be caused by self-doubt, self-criticism, social isolation, suppressed anger, and shame. This level of self-esteem also is a symptom of several mental health conditions, including anxiety and depression. This study will discuss
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Ten of the participants were biracial of which three identified as Caucasian and three as African American (Myers, 2011).
A form was used to collect demographic data of the participants. The five factor wellness model (5F-Wel) was developed to assess the factors that are incorporated in the Individual Self Model of Self (IS-Wel). The content on the test includes 73 attitude and behavioral statements which are rated using a 4 point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (4). Reliability for the subscales was as follows: Total Wellness, .98; Creative Self, .96; Coping Self, .89; Social Self, .96; Essential Self, .95; and Physical Self, .90. The data from thus study states that the equivalent alpha coefficients were .90, .89, .88, .89, .82, and .87 (Myers, 2011).
The IS-Wel is an evidence-based model derived from Alfred Adler’s theory which highlights the indivisibility of the self or in other words a more holistic approach. Five evaluating second factors used in this instrument were creative, coping, social, essential, and physical self. Within this factor were a set of 17 third order factor for example thinking, emotions, work, positive humor, leisure, stress management, self-worth, friendship, love, spirituality, gender and identity just to name a few. In this study however only the first and second factors were used. Coopersmith (CSEI) was used to assess the participant’s self-esteem. This
According to a 1993 study in the longitudinal consistency and change in self-esteem form early adolescence to early childhood by Block and Robbins, between the ages of 14 and 23 exists the potential for great changes in how the self-concept develops and is shaped. The study also concluded that more males increased their sense of self-esteem during this time than did females. After people approach the age of 30, most self-concepts remain relatively stable without significant conscious effort (Adler, Rosenfeld, Proctor 63). A realistic self-concept should change over time as it reflects the reality of current circumstances and previous experiences. The tendency, however, is to resist those changes and instead seek out others than confirm the self-concept. The powerful effect that
In this study, the professor asked 15 students in his Introductory Psychology class to volunteer to take the smart pill at the start of the semester. The other 15 students in the class who did not volunteer did not take the pill. This was not random assignment because this subject was not an unbiased division, and the professor didn’t create equal groups; therefore, it could affect the result. In general, volunteers do better than non-volunteers because volunteers have more motivation than the people who didn’t volunteer. For example, in the “tutoring study”, people who signed up for tutoring were doing much better than the people who did not sign up for tutoring because the people who sign up care about their grade; on
The concept of self esteem is widespread in life. When it comes to academics and extracurricular actives people associate high self esteem is necessary for success. Society makes promoting self esteem an important goal. With that in mind, it is surprising that only recently scientific literature began providing insight into the nature of development of self esteem.
IT projects can have a lot of different components to them which creates the potential for more risks. These risks need to be identified, analyzed, and addressed as the project progresses (Schwalbe Ph.D., 2014). There are different types of risk that can affect the implementation of a system that will allow people to manage their own human resource information. A positive risks can produce a project under budget or ahead of schedule, while a negative risks can have adverse effects on a project such as going way over budget. There are also some risks that do not have a positive or negative impact on a project. Identifying risks and addressing them is mostly handled by the program manager.
Overcoming resistance to change: By having an open mind and welcoming, not necessarily accepting, many new ideas.
Adolescent females often have to face physical and social changes that can affect their self-esteem. The self-esteem of an individual can affect his
In our lives there are many different cognitive biases that can interfere with our ability to solve problems and/or make rational decisions. One that I think is especially problematic, and has been for quite some time, is representativeness heuristic. This is defined as the tendency to make judgments about a group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one’s stereotype of a group rather than on base rate information. And essentially, a stereotype is the use of concepts to make generalizations about a group of people. (pgs. 252-253) Stereotyping in this country is, and always has been, a huge problem.
You are a member of a group working on a class project. The group members are enthusiastic about the project and arrange a meeting time to begin planning. You forget to mark your calendar and miss the meeting. The group posts a summary of the meeting with assignments and deadlines for the project. You apologize to the group and agree to complete the topic research for the project. You realize you have a paper due in another course on the same day that your research is due, and you concentrate most of your time on your individual assignment. The paper takes longer than you thought, and you are unable to conduct research for the group
- ( :25) After the client advises why she is calling in, Nancy has a good specific initial acknowledgment. This demonstrates that she is listening.
My name is Alexis Batiste, but most people call me “Lexi”. I am currently a Junior at Cal Poly Pomona. I reside in Long Beach California, but during the school year I have an apartment in Pomona. I am pursing a bachelor’s degree in Kinesiology. After graduation, my plans are to attend Loma Linda University to earn a graduate degree. I would love to become a specialist in sports medicine as well, but for now my dream is to work with young athletes. I want to help them exercise and treat any injuries that they encounter while playing a sport. I want to help my patients live a healthy life by helping them stay fit.
1. In a college paper the audience is almost always the professor. Knowing this the author would keep his paper very formal by using proper grammar, and appropriate word choice.and would make sure to add literary devices that the professor looks for. For example, if the professor enjoys imagery, then the student would try to fill his/her paper with that literary device. In certain situations the student may have to read their writing in front of the class. When the audience involves the classroom, one should try to structure his/her paper in a way that would not generalize broad topics, because a classroom scene isn't whole there are many cultural backgrounds to take in consideration. A way to avoid generalization is to not give a single perspective on vast topics. For example, if one is talking about Trump, they should write about a liberal's perspective, as well as a conservative's perspective.
The concepts of critical thinking and creative thinking are both gaining increasing importance in the world today. Critical thinking allows people to understand difficult concepts in a manner that is clearer and more defined. They can more readily understand those concepts if they employ critical thinking. In all portions of everyday life, a person is expected to make independent judgments. Those judgments are based on experience and knowledge. Without the ability to think critically, every situation that a person comes across would have to be considered in isolation from all other situations. When a person encounters a problem that is a new one, he or she may be able to use critical thinking to solve those problems.
Self-esteem has recently been defined by Silverstone as "the sense of contentment and self-acceptance that stems from a person's appraisal of their own worth, significance, attractiveness, competence and ability to satisfy their aspirations" (Silverstone 1992). Self-esteem is the degree to which a person values and respects themselves, and is proud of their accomplishments. Self-esteem begins to develop in childhood, but it solidifies and gains momentum during the turbulent and trying years of adolescence. The teenage years tend to be a crucial "make it or break it" period when it comes to self-esteem because it is at this time that youngsters are searching for an identity. If this process goes awry, the teen
Children and adolescents with low self-esteem are more likely to have problems with peers (Hymal et al., 1990). Furthermore, they are more prone to psychological
People’s self-esteem either high or low is shaped by their life experiences. I believe a person’s self-esteem begins to take shape at an early age, with their parents being a major influence. Kind, positive, knowledgeable and caring parents help children create a positive self-image. Parents who do not feel good about themselves or others, sometimes take it out on their childern by belittling them or discouraging them. This leads the child down a path of self-doubt and eventually given the right circumstances a lower self-esteem.