Does Salt Cause Osteoporosis?

DiSilvestro et al., 2007, conducted an 8-week study; examining increased micronutrient intake in young adult women would enhance exercise-induced changes in bone metabolism that could lower the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Subjects were 24 female students 18-24 years old that were overall healthy and assigned to either the PG (Placebo group, n=12) or MG (micronutrient group, n=12). Fasting blood and urine samples were taken before and after the 8-week study to determine changes in: 25-OH-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), Urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and helical peptide (AHP). A resistance exercise program consisting of: (3 sets/8-12 reps) bench press, bicep curl, shoulder press, seated

Of late, there has been renewed interest in the influence of acid-base balance on bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis. The acid-ash hypothesis suggests that diets that are high in "acid-ash"(i.e. acid-forming) components(including dietary protein, phosphorus, and chlorine) and low in base-forming components(including fruits and vegetables, potassium, and calcium) generate acidic byproducts. To neutralize excess acid and prevent systemic acidosis, bone mineral is dissolved, bicarbonate is released, and calcium is expelled in urine, accelerating the development of osteoporosis. The "alkaline diet" encourages the consumption of base-forming foods and has been promoted as an effective method of reducing the risk of osteoporosis (WebMD 2013).

There are a plethora of health issues that contribute to bone loss, such as nutrition (low calcium consumption) and rarely engaging in exercise, people who have an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking or extreme alcohol usage are also at risk. “Bone loss in adolescence and early adulthood can be a result of a failure to attain peak bone mineral density, and accelerated bone loss may be particularly noted around menopause and in later years” (Lin, 2014, para. 1). Though the exact cause is unknown, additional sources may include latent health disorders such as thyroid problems.

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone tissue is normally mineralized but the mass of bone is decreased and structural integrity of trabecular bone is impaired. Cortical bone becomes more porous and thinner, making bone weaker and prone to fractures. The World Health Organization (WHO)(1994) has defines postmenopausal osteoporosis abased on the bone density. Bone density is based on the number of standard deviations away from the mean bone mineral density of a young adult reference population, a T-score. Normal bone mass density is 0 to -.99 standard deviations, low bone density (osteopenia) is -1.0 to -2.49 standard deviations, osteoporosis is labeled as less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations, and severe osteoporosis is less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations and included a bone fracture.

Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle from the loss of tissue, generally as a result of specific changes. Risk factors that take part in the disease are things such as unchangeable risks like sex, age, race, family history and the size of the individual. Other risk factors include hormone levels and medication as well as dietary factors and life choices. Life choices that play a role are sedentary lifestyle these are people who spend a lot of time sitting have a higher risk of osteoporosis than do their more-active counterparts, weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for your bones to ensure the bone remolding cycle ensures them to grow strong (MayoClinic, 2013). Common symptoms that one should take into

Specific parts of the body such as the kidneys work to regulate phosphorus and eliminate any extra consumed such as the form of phosphoric acid in soda (5). Therefore the kidneys cannot handle when too much phosphoric acid is consumed resulting in poor kidney function. Though, if the kidneys regulate the levels or amount of phosphoric acid and they start to have poor function, how do the levels of phosphorus get regulated? This commonly results in unusually high levels of phosphorus in blood which ends up lowering calcium levels which increases the risk of bone disease (6). Soda contains high amounts of phosphoric acid, and the higher the intake of phosphoric acid causes the need for an even higher intake of calcium. The balance between the two elements is a necessity for prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and for proper bone density (7). Overtime the phosphoric acid weakens the body and leaches calcium from the bones (7). Excessive amounts of phosphoric acid leads to the loss of bone mineral density. There are many factors that might cause one’s likelihood to develop osteoporosis to increase such as whites and asian being more prone, older people more prone than younger, females more than males, or history of bone diseases, but lifestyle choice is a factor that can be

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

Osteoporosis is developed when the bones lose minerals (such as calcium) too quickly and the body cannot replace them fast enough. This causes bone density to decrease and the bones to become porous, making them more fragile and susceptible to breaking. There are many risk factors for osteoporosis, some of which can be changed, some of which cannot. Those that cannot be changed include gender (women are more likely to develop osteoporosis), age (older people have a higher risk), physical build (smaller people have more of a chance), and family history (those with parents who have/had osteoporosis are more at risk). However, factors that can be changed include the level of sex hormones, diet, inactive lifestyle, excessive use of alcohol, smoking,

According to Judith (2010), Osteoporosis is a loss of the reabsorption in the bones by way of calcium, plasma, and phosphate. Estrogen production helps bones metabolism by stimulating osteoblastic activity and limiting osteoclastic effects of the parathyroid hormone. It develops when the new formation of bones fall behind in the reabsorption process (Judith, 2010). In simpler terms, it’s a loss of bone mass due to a metabolic bone disorder affected by the rate of bone resorption advances while the rate of the bone formation reduces. According to Judith (2010), the bones end up losing calcium, phosphates and end up brittle making them prone to fractures and further complications (P . 236).

The main stages in bone development are early childhood, puberty, and menopause. “During childhood, liquid crystals of calcium within this cartilage solidify through a process called “mineralization”. For that mineralization to occur and keep occurring throughout childhood, however, it’s vitally important that children get enough exercise, calcium and vitamin D, says Laura Tosi, MD, chief of Orthopedic Surgery. Outside play, once a staple of childhood, has given way to video games and television. And if kids don’t play outside, they often don’t get enough sunlight to make adequate vitamin D. Also, kids are much more likely to drink soda or juice these days than milk, which remains one of the best sources of calcium and vitamin D in early life. In fact, variations in the amount of calcium kids get may account for five to 10 percent difference in adult bone mass and a 50 percent difference in the hip fracture rate later in life. Chalk up that adolescent growth spurt to the fact that the majority of bone is laid down in adolescence. This “speeding up” of bone formation begins around age 11 in girls and 12 or 13 in boys. Unfortunately, this is also the time when girls begin to significantly reduce their calcium intake. In fact, over 80 percent of girls age nine to 19 don’t get the recommended average daily amount of calcium. Adolescent girls are also at greater risk for anorexia and other eating disorders than boys, which can wreak havoc with estrogen levels,

Definition. Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass along with continuous loss of bone tissue with increased fracture risk. The pathology is multi-factorial and there are several modifiable and non-modifiabale factors that contribute to the development of this disease. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease illustrated by a decrease in bone mass and bone tissue, causing a decrease in bone and a subsequent increase in fracture risk (1).

Osteoporosis is described by the NHS as “a condition that weakens bones” and is fairly common, affecting roughly 3 million, with more than 300,000 people receiving treatment each year. Fractures are extremely common as the weakened bones are more susceptible to damage, even coughing may cause vertebral damage. Osteoporosis can be classified as type I or II, “both type I and type II osteoporosis occur through an imbalance between total skeletal bone formation and bone resorption which is sustained over many years” (Theobald, 2005), and are related to a lack of vitamin

However, sodium is generally nontoxic for healthy adult individuals because it is excreted readily in the urine. High salt intakes have been correlated with hypertension. Meta analyses suggest that a reduction in

Sodium - better known as salt - maintains the correct balance of certain fluids which bathe the cells in our bodies - essential for nerve and muscle function. However, research shows that too much salt can lead to increased blood pressure, osteoporosis - a bone-thinning disease, asthma, stomach cancer and weight