12. give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidizes by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
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- 36. In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, - an acetyl group is transferred to Coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. - only one pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom with the release of carbon dioxide. - the succinate dehydrogenase complex requires four coenzymes. - electrons are transferred to NADH to produce NAD*.Give one metabolic intermediate that is released as pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon
- 1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. Phosphoglycerate kinase is fundamentally similar in function to: None of these phosphofructokinase hexokinase pyruvate kinase galactokinase 4. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon 5. True or False Succinate dehydrogenase performs an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. In the Krebs cycle,…2. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the reaction Ο ()) 0 NADH + H* NAD+ C=0 HO-C-H CH₁t Pyruvate lactate dehydrogenase CHa L-Lactate AG 25.1 kJ/mol which represents one of the metabolic fates of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. The positioning of the sub-strate pyruvate in the active site of lactate dehydrogenase is shown on the right. NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinu- cleotide) is a cofactor in the reaction and provides a hydride anion H (highlighted with light blue) through direct transfer to reduce the carbonyl group of pyruvate. (a) ( Gln 102 Arg109 NH2 NH Thr246 H₂C-C-OH HN NH H CHS H H H. His 195 NH Pyruvate N-(NADH) H H CH3 H HN H NH H₂C-C-CH₂ Пle250 Asp168 NH Arg171 ) Compare the mechanism of the LDH reaction, as implied by the diagram above, to that of a-chymotrypsin with respect to the oxyanion hole, conversion of the substrate carbonyl group having sp² hybridization to sp³ hybridization, the attacking nucleophile, and residues achoring the substrate in the active…36. What is the CORRECT order of cellular respiration events? Group of answer choices glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation—Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis—Krebs cycle—pyruvate oxidation--oxidative phosphorylation Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation--glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation Krebs cycle—glycolysis--oxidative phosphorylation—pyruvate oxidation
- 1. Using your own diagram, illustrate the reactions that take place within thepyruvate dehydrogenase complex (including all enzymes and coenzymes) anddiscuss the role of the enzymes involved. 2. Graphically represent all the regulatory mechanisms of the citric acid cycle and discuss their effect on the cycle.. Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme which acts on a five-carbon substrate, produces a four-carbon product substituent (attached to coenzyme A), and generates one molecule of NADH. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase citrate synthase malate dehydrogenase succinate dehydrogenase Which of the following enzymes consumes one molecule of NADH, during anaerobic fermentation in yeast, as it converts a two-carbon substrate molecule into a two-carbon product molecule? succinate dehydrogenase pyruvate decarboxylase C. isocitrate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase alcohol dehydrogenase2. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and enters the citric acid cycle. Per one (1) glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and TCA cycle, complete the table below Equivalence in ATP Products from glycolysis 1. ATP 2. NADH 3. Pyruvate Products from TCA 4. NADH 5. FADH2 6. GTP TOTAL ATP Produced ATPS Equivalence in ATP ATPS ATPS ATPS ATPs produced ATP ATP = ATPs produced ATP ATP ATP 7._ATP
- 1a. If you wanted you could take a glucose molecule and convert it to pyruvate via glycolysis and convert it back to glucose via gluconeogenesis. What is the cost of doing so in ATP equivalents? Show how you determine the cost via reactions (no structures). Explain in bioenergetic terms how the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis overcomes the large, negative standard free- energy change of the pyruvate kinase reaction in glycolysis. b. C. The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for several hours, results in a deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia. The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase: CH3CH2OH + NAD+ -> CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Explain how this reaction inhibits the transformation of lactate to pyruvate. Why does this lead to hypoglycemia?Describe in detail the structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.27. the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is activated by dephosphorylation and inactivated by phosphorylation