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- Give a complete and well descriptive definition of the following:1.1 Fractional saturation1.2Allostery1.3 Metal activated enzymes 1.4 Metalloenzymes1.5 Acid-base catalysisSucrase has an optimum temperature of 37°C and an optimum pH of 6.2. Determine the effect of the following on its rate of reaction: 1) no change 2) increase decrease 3) A. increasing the concentration of sucrase B. changing the pH to 4.0 C. running the reaction at 70°C What are the functions of Allosteric enzymes What are some factors that affects enzyme activity? I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Enzyme activity can be regulated by allosteric enzymes, feedback control, and covalent modifications. T/F Examples of Zymogens are the proteases trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. T/F? Trypsin catalyzes the removal of dipeptides from inactive chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen to give the active proteases chymotrypsin and trypsin. T/F The removal of a polypeptide chain from proinsulin produces the active form of insulin. T/F? A kinase can activate an inactive enzyme by phosphorylation, ie adding a phosphate group. T/F? A phosphatase can activate an inactive enzyme by removal of phosphate. T/F? Identify…2. Isolation of Eugenol a) Devise a flow chart that summarizes the distillation, extraction, and isolation of eugenol performed in this experiment. b) Would you be able to isolate either ethanol from fermented fruit or R-limonene from the peels of oranges by steam distillation? Briefly explain your answer for each case. H. R-limonene
- 8. At room temperature (20 °C), milk turns sour in about 64 hours. In a refrigerator at 3 °C, milk can be stored three times as long before it sours. a) Estimate the activation energy of the reaction that causes the souring of milk. b) How long should it take milk to sour at 40 °C?1. In zero order reaction, the reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration. In first order reaction the reaction rate is directly porportional to substyrate concentration a. first statement is false and second statement is true b. both statement is true c. both statement is false d. first statement is true and second statement is false 2. These are catalyst that can be used in the monitoring and diagnosis of disease and their remarkable properties make them sensitive indicators of pathologic changes. a. enzymes b. electrolytes c. substrate d. none of these 3. ALT is stavle in serum at refrigirator or temp for up to 3 weeks, indefinitely if frozen AST has the same stability but markedly decreases with freezing a. both statement are true b. both statement are false c. first statement is true second is false d. second statement is true first statement is falseThe rate-determining step of Michaelis Menten kinetics is the complex formation step the complex dissociation step to produce product the product formation step Both (a) and (c) a. b. с. d.
- 11) Using the data above, construct Lineweaver-Burk plots. First, graph the inverse of the reaction velocity (rate of reaction) data in column II versus the inverse of the methanol concentration in column I. Then, on the same graph, plot the inverse of the reaction velocity (rate of reaction) data in column III versus the inverse of the methanol concentration in column I1. What is the action of invertase? 2. What is the reagent used to detect glucose in the detection of invertase? What is its principle? 3. What is the reagent used to detect glucose in the oh and temperature experiments? What is its principle? 4. What is the optimum temperature for invertase reactions? 5. What is the optimum pH for the invertase reactions? 6. What is the wavelength used for the spectrophotometer? What is the principle of the spectrophotometer?21. You want to maintain pH = 7.0 for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that will produce hydrogen ions along with the desired product. At equal concentrations, which weak acid, if any, will serve as the better buffer for the reaction: acid A, with pk₁= 6.5, or acid B, with pk=7.5? A) acid A B) Water is as good as either of the acids available. C) acid B D) Both are equally effective.
- 5. Answer the following questions. a. Write the name and structure of the product obtained by the reaction of B-D-glucopyranose with acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine at 0 °C? (water or ether) b. Which solvent, water or ether, would you prefer to purify the starting material? c. Which solvent is preferred for the purification and recrystallization of the final product from the reaction.1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X 0 J mol-¹ and AG' is <0 J mol-¹ for this reaction. a) At standard states, is this reaction favorable? b) Is the reaction favorable or unfavorable at cellular condition? c) Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction in the cell? d) Would you describe this as a thermodynamically downhill or uphill reaction in the cell?a) What type of polymer is being formed in Reaction #3? b) Name an enzyme that can catalyze Reaction #3. c) What is △Go of Reaction #3? Show your work & clearly label your answer.