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- Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right. ERBB2 E-cadherin BRCA1 Cdk4 A. oncogene B. proto-oncogene C. low expression in invasive cells D. tumor suppressor gene1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene. Please explain each choice. Gene Proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene? Explanation Bcl-2 Rb Ras APC p531. Compare the consequences of a mutation that occurs in the Ras proto-oncogene and a mutation that occurs in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene.
- 14. In some types of colon cancer, stem cells have a mutation in the APC gene. What happens if theAPC gene is mutated? 15. Normally, proto-oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. What are oncogenes and how do they affectthe cell cycle? a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require _________ allele(s) to be mutated andtherefore are considered ____________________. The mutation results in a __________ offunction.16. Normally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How do mutated tumor suppressor genesaffect the cell cycle?a. To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require _________ allele(s) to be mutated andtherefore are considered ____________________. The mutation results in a __________ offunction.8.What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes.Our government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?
- 5. In the experiment of cell fusion, when tumor cells were fused with normal cells, the subsequently arising cells lost the ability to form tumors. This observation can be explained as --. a. ras proto-oncogene was inactivated, resulting in no tumor formation b. the arising cancer cells shed or inactivated the tumor suppressor genes, hence cells did not form tumors. c. mitogenic growth factors were removed, hence cells did not proliferate uncontrollably. 6. Carcinogenic agents target Gl phase of the cell cycle because ----- a. Gl is the first phase of the cell cycle b. the following S phase is whereg protein D. Growth factor receptor ng Tool 0 Q ing C. Growth factor-binding protein D. Growth factor receptor E. Transcription activator A child with retinoblastoma is found to have a 13q14 deletion. The Rb gene, which resides at this locus, produces which kind of tumor-associated protein? A. Cell cycle regulator B. Growth factor ㅂ분 요 9 12 W □ @ 2 C Edit in Paint 8 60 8 FocusCan you match the type of mutations that can occur from the selected below? a. either proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene b. proto-oncogene c. tumor suppressor gen 1. Frameshift mutation 2. Missense mutation 3. Nonsense mutation
- 39. HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma by a. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell markers b. activating genes for the expression of endogenous surface cell markers c. inactivating the patient’s tumor suppressing genes d. inactivating contact inhibition in the cell e. inactivating cellular adherence1. Explain BRIEFLY whether each of the following conditions will increase or decrease the chance of cancer: a. a mutation in the promoter region of a tumor suppressor gene that results in that gene being overexpressed (assume that the cell is heterozygous for the mutation) b. a mutation in the promoter region of a protooncogene that results in that gene being overexpressed (assume that the cell is heterozygous for the mutation) c. a homozygous mutation that completely eliminates the coding region of a protooncogene d. a homozygous mutation that completely eliminates the coding region of a tumor suppressor gene e. a heterozygote where one allele is the mutant allele described in (c), the other allele being wild type f. a heterozygote where one allele is the mutant allele described in (d), the other allele being wild type1.create a Graphical Abstract to summarise the role of ALP in cancer?With image
