4. Multiple Choice Question. Which of the following are likely the short-run effects of an increase in the reserve requirements (A0 > 0)? (Assume that the economy is ini- tially at the natural level.)¹ A. Yn(-), C(↓), Y(↓), I(↓), i(t) B. Yn (↓), C(-), Y(↓), I(?), i(-) C. Yn (?), C(↓), Y(?), I(-), i(↓) D. Yn (1), C(?), Y (↑), I(†), i(t) 1Note the following notation: natural level of output (Yn), consumption the unemployment rate (u); furthermore, the symbols T, , , ? refer to in 2Consider Footnote 1 as regards the notation.
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- ASAP3. What impact will budget deficits have on the exchange rate value of the dollar? How will this impact net exports and aggregate demand? Explain2. Suppose, C=0.8(1-t)Y • t=0.25 •| = 900 – 50i • G=800 a) What is the equation for lIS curve b) What is the effect of increase in govt. expenditure by 100 on the IS equation & IS curve? Show the effect using graphs c)What will happen to the slope of IS curve if Investment becomes more sensitive to interest, say | = 900 – 60i ?
- 9.)In an economy with no government and no foreign sec- tors, autonomous consumer spending is $250 billion, planned investment spending is $350 billion, and the marginal propensity to consume is 2/3. a. Plot the aggregate consumption function and planned aggregate spending. b. What is unplanned inventory investment when real GDP equals $600 billion? c. What is Y*, income-expenditure equilibrium GDP?2. Consider an economy where aggregate demand AD consists of aggregate con- 1000 and government = sumption C 10+ 0.8Y, aggregate investment I spending G = 800. (a) = (c) (d) What is aggregate demand if aggregate income/output is 10,000? Why is the economy not in equilibrium in that state? Calculate the goods market equilibrium for this economy. (b) Assume that the government increases spending by 20%. Calculate the new goods market equilibrium. What is the multiplier for the change in government spending? Assume now that the country starts trading globally and has Exports and Imports. Assume that imports are given by Im = n Y, with n being the marginal propensity to import. (e) Explain why - with exports and imports - a increase in government spending (e.g., 20%) results in a smaller change in aggregate demand/income in equilibrium than without exports and imports. (You do not have to calculate the new equilibrium.)2. In macroeconomic theory, total or aggregate spending is denoted by A and total or aggregateproduction of income by Y. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? A When A is greater than Y, there is disequilibrium and Y will tend to increase.B When A is equal to Y, there is equilibrium and Y will remain unchanged.C When A is less than Y, there is disequilibrium and Y will decrease.D When A is greater than Y, there is disequilibrium and A will decrease.
- (in trillions) anupuedgejetoally $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $5 $10 $15 $20 $25 45° Line AE $30 $35 Real GDP (in trillions) The central bank has recently conducted monetary policy that substantially reduces the real interest rate. As a result, autonomous spending increases by $5 trillion. Examine the effects of this reduction in the real interest rate by identifying (1) the amount of autonomous spending before the real interest rate falls, (2) the amount of induced spending before the real interest rate falls, (3) the level of equilibrium Real GDP before the real interest rate falls, (4) the value of the spending multiplier, (5) the level of equilibrium Real GDP after the real interest rate falls, and (6) the amount of induced spending after the real interest rate falls.1. [IS-LM Model - II] Let the IS equation be given as Y = then A 1-b where 1-b is the marginal propensity to save, g is the investment sensitivity to the interest rate i, and A is an aggregate of exogenous variables. Let the LM equation be Y 9 1-b T Mo 1 +-1, k where k and I are income and interest sensitivity of money demand, respectively and Mo is is the real money balances. If b = 0.7, g = 100, A = 252, k = 0.25,7 = 200, and Mo = 176, (a) Write the IS-LM system in matrix form. (b) Solve for Y and i by matrix inversion. Recall the formula for matrix inversion in the 2 x 2 case discussed in class. (c) Solve for Y and i by Cramer's rule.8. Why does the aggregate expenditures curve shift with changes in the price level? • The AE curve shifts with changes in the price level because of the wealth effect, the interest rate effect, and the international trade effect. $10-3a The Keynesian model of fixed-price equilibrium is a special case of the AD and AS equilibrium. $10-3c
- 6. When households opt to increase savings; consumption decreases from Co = 240 + 0.9YD to C = 140 + 0.9YD. Assume AS = 2p, I = 100, R = 100 + 0.1y, G = 50 and NX = 200 – 0.01Y – 0.1p. а. Provide two labelled diagrams with supporting calculations showing AS/AD and NS/NAF to illustrate how prices and real GDP and savings respond to this change. Show equilibrium y0, y1 and y2. Ignore long run considerations. b. Explain whether or not this example exhibits a Paradox of Thrift.19. Which of the following statements concerning Keynesian analysis are true? Select one: a. Keynes's analysis started with the recognition that the total quantity demanded of an economy's output was the sum of three types of spending: consumer expenditure, planned investment spending, and government spending. Ob. Keynes recognized that equilibrium would occur in the economy when planned expenditure equals Actual expenditure O c All of the above are true. d. Keynes's analysis involves explaining why aggregate output is at a certain level by understanding what factors affect each component of aggregate demand and how the sum of these components could add up to an output smaller or greater than the economy is capable of producing1) Assume that Canadian government taxes away $0.15 of each dollar of new income, that 35% of the remaining $0.85 of disposable income is spent on imports, and that 2% of disposable income is saved. Enter your responses below rounded to 2 decimal places. a. The marginal propensity to withdraw is . b. From each new dollar of income $ is spent on domestic consumption items.c. The value of the Canadian spending multiplier is . 2) In each case below a particular fiscal policy affects an economy's AD curve via the spending multiplier. Calculate the spending multiplier and find the direction and size of the shift in the AD curve. Enter your responses for the spending multiplier rounded to 2 decimal places, and size of the shift of the AD curve rounded to 1 decimal place. Do not put minus signs in your answers. a. If government purchases increase by $3 billion in an economy with an MPW of 0.65 then the spending multiplier is and the AD curve finally shifts to the by $…