TASK No 2A 44-year-old patient, suffering from varicose veins for a longtime, complains of calf muscle cramps and leg swelling, whichincrease with physical activity. On examination: skin is thin,cyanotic, edematous, cold to the touch. In the area of the innerankle of the right leg, a painless ulcer is found.Questions5. Describe the osmotic factor of edema development.6. Is it possible to its inclusion in this case? Justify your answer.7. Describe the mechanism of cyanosis development in thepatient?

Varicose veins are contorted broadened veins, most ordinarily influencing the veins in the legs.…

Answered: TASK No 2 A 44-year-old patient,…

Phlebotomy Essentials

6th Edition

ISBN:9781451194524

Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SRQ

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TASK No 2 A 44-year-old patient, suffering from varicose veins for a long time, complains of calf muscle cramps and leg swelling, which increase with physical activity. On examination: skin is thin, cyanotic, edematous, cold to the touch. In the area of the inner ankle of the right leg, a painless ulcer is found. Questions: 1. Name the disorder of regional circulation that has led to the development of edema on the legs. 2. Give the definition of edema. 3. Name the initial pathogenetic factor of edema development in this case. 4. What other reasons can lead to the inclusion of this factor of edema development?
TASK No 4 At a patient of 40 years old after a trauma of the right arm there was a pain, delicacy and difficulties of any movements. On examination: the skin is dry and thinned; there is atrophy and a decrease in the tone of skeletal muscles, weakening of tendon reflexes. Questions: 1. Indicate the cause of hypokinesia in the patient. 2. Describe the level of damage that initiates the patient's hypokinesia. Justify the answer. 3. Describe the patient's hypokinesia by severity of lesions. Give the definition of this type of hypokinesia.
TASK N 4 A 39-year-old man, who previously considered himself to be practically healthy, felt severe pain in the epigastric region and strong weakness while performing heavy physical work. After 20 minutes the pains weakened but there were complaints of nausea and vomiting. On examination: the state of moderate severity, arterial pressure is 70/45 mm Hg, sinus bradycardia. Careful palpation revealed no signs of a gastrointestinal pathology. After ECG registration, the patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Acute left ventricular infarction". Questions: 1. Indicate the form of infarction with such unusual localization of the pain syndrome and the presence of dyspeptic disorders. 2. Describe the most typical localization of pain during myocardial infarction. 3. What changes on the ECG are typical for myocardial infarction? 4. Which plasma enzymes can be measured in order to confirm the diagnosis? 5. List possible causes of heart attack in the absence of pre-infarct symptomatology…
TASK 1 A 30-year-old patient is hospitalized with the diagnosis "Infectious-allergic myocarditis". There are complaints about weakness, fatigue, subfebrile fever, pain in the heart area during physical exertion, which is not being suppressed by nitroglycerin. These symptoms appeared a month after the flu and have been progressing for the last 6 months. On examination: shortness of breath, swelling of the cervical veins, edema of the both feet. According to percussion data, the left and right borders of the heart are widened. On the ECG: a persistent decrease in the T wave, ventricular extrasystole. In the blood - neutrophilic leukocytosis with a nuclear shift to the left, increasing the MB-fraction of creatine phosphokinase. Questions: 1. Define the concept of "myocarditis". 2. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of that disease. 3. Explain the mechanism of the blood changes, revealed in the patient. 4. List the patient's heart failure symptoms. 5. Violation of which properties of…
TASK No 4 At a patient of 40 years old after a trauma of the right arm there was a pain, delicacy and difficulties of any movements. On examination: the skin is dry and thinned; there is atrophy and a decrease in the tone of skeletal muscles, weakening of tendon reflexes. Questions: 4. Describe the patient's hypokinesia for the prevalence of the lesion. 5. Explain the occurrence of muscle atrophy in the patient. 6. Explain the weakening of tendon reflexes in the patient. 7. What kind of sensitivity disorders are typical for this lesion?
TASK No 2 The patient complains about intense pain in the right iliac region, vomiting, and a fever of 38.5° C. In the analysis of blood: neutrophilic leukocytosis, an increase in the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation. The patient is operated on. In the area of the operating wound, an appendix of dark red color was found, in the lumen of which there was yellow-green liquid. Questions: 1. What kind of typical pathological process (TPP) is observed in the patient? Give its definition. 2. List the local signs of this TPP in the patient. 3. Indicate mechanisms of their formation in the patient
TASK No 2 A patient of 19 years old felt weak, dizzy, pain in the neck, nausea after four hours spending in a hot bath. On examination: the skin is moist, strongly hyperemic. Body temperature is 39° C. Questions: 1. What pathological process has been developing in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the cause of this pathological process. 3. List the stages of development of this pathological condition. 4. Indicate its possible complications 5. Indicate changes in metabolism, typical for the pathological condition that has developed in the patient. 6. What type of typical pathological process (TPP) is needed to be differentiated in the patient? Give its definition. 7. Conduct a comparative analysis of this TPP and pathological process in the patient.
TASK N 4 Patient B., 60 years old, was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Myocardial infarction". On examination: cold and cyanotic skin. Respiration is frequent, superficial, arterial pressure 90/60 mm Hg, pulse - 110 beats / min (normal 60-90 beats per minute). The patient is transferred to the intensive care unit. Questions: 1. What kind of typical pathological process (TPP) develops with myocardial infarction? 2. Define this TPP. 3. Describe the TPP, developed in the patient, according to the speed of its development, prevalence, cause of occurrence.
TASK No 2 A patient of 37 years old suffers from polyuria, polydipsia, fast fatigability, headache. These symptoms developed shortly after traumatic brain injury and always sharply intensified after a slight restriction of fluid intake. At inspection: there are tachycardia, arterial hypotension, dry mucous membranes. Analysis of urine: daily diuresis - 11 000 ml, specific gravity - 1.001, protein and glcosis are absent. Blood test: glucose - 4.8 mmol, residual nitrogen - 16 mmol / 1 (norm 14-28 mmol / 1) Questions: 7. What type of typical pathological processes should be developed in the patient?
TASK No 2 MICROCIRCULATION A patient, 50 years old, suffers of chronic pyelonephritis and massive proteinuria (loss of protein in the urine). On examination: edema on the face and legs is noted. Questions: 1. To which group of disorders of microcirculation is edema refered? 2. What other disorders of microcirculation are related to this group? 3. Indicate the cause of edema developmen in the patient. 4. Indicate the mechanism of correlation between the loss of plasma proteins and the development of edema? 5. List the pathogenetic factors of edema formation. 6. What are the possible causes of the lymphatic insufficiency? 7. Indicate the biological significance of microcirculation disorders.
TASK No 2 A patient of 37 years old suffers from polyuria, polydipsia, fast fatigability, headache. These symptoms developed shortly after traumatic brain injury and always sharply intensified after a slight restriction of fluid intake. At inspection: there are tachycardia, arterial hypotension, dry mucous membranes. Analysis of urine: daily diuresis - 11 000 ml, specific gravity - 1.001, protein and glcosis are absent. Blood test: glucose - 4.8 mmol, residual nitrogen - 16 mmol/ 1 (norm 14-28 mmol / 1) Questions: 1. Lack of which hormone led to the development of this clinical picture in the patient? 2. Name the main biological effects of this hormone. 3. What endocrine disease is arosed in the patient? 4. What is the cause of this disease? 5. What kind of disturbance of water metabolism does the patient have? 6. Name the characteristic clinical manifestations of this disturbance of water metabolism. 7. What type of typical pathological processes should be developed in the patient?
TASK No 2 A patient of 37 years old suffers from polyuria, polydipsia, fast fatigability, headache. These symptoms developed shortly after traumatic brain injury and always sharply intensified after a slight restriction of fluid intake. At inspection: there are tachycardia, arterial hypotension, dry mucous membranes. Analysis of urine: daily diuresis - 11 000 ml, specific gravity - 1.001, protein and glcosis are absent. Blood test: glucose - 4.8 mmol, residual nitrogen - 16 mmol/ 1 (norm 14-28 mmol/l) Questions: 4. What is the cause of this disease? 5. What kind of disturbance of water metabolism does the patient have? 6. Name the characteristic clinical manifestations of this disturbance of water metabolism. 7. What type of typical pathological processes should be developed in the patient?

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