A % ¡ Mid parent B D 4. Why is sexual selection a form of natural selection? Do natural selection and sexual selection always act in the same way? What is an evolutionary constraint? How does their occurrence help answer the question whether all traits are adaptive? Read the article by Gould and Lewontin: 'The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm'. a. What is the most important criticism the authors put forward? b. Can you think of an example of 'adaptationism', and why that may or may not be correct? If you'd like, go ahead and post it on the Canvas discussion board!

A % ¡ Mid parent B D 4. Why is sexual selection a form of natural selection? Do natural selection and sexual selection always act in the same way? What is an evolutionary constraint? How does their occurrence help answer the question whether all traits are adaptive? Read the article by Gould and Lewontin: 'The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm'. a. What is the most important criticism the authors put forward? b. Can you think of an example of 'adaptationism', and why that may or may not be correct? If you'd like, go ahead and post it on the Canvas discussion board!

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13TYK

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Bjork and Pitnick (2006) investigated sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion that can be made from their results below? [Note that the open circles and dotted line represent data collected from females and the closed circles and solid line represents data collected from males.] 200 - 150 100 50 1 2 4 5 Number of mates (mating success) O a. Sexual selection is stronger on females than males. O b. Males have a weaker Bateman gradient than females. O C. Females likely invest more in the reproductive process. O d. Males likely exhibit parental rather than females. Number of offspring (reproductive success)
Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms: Behavioral isolation canprevent individuals of different species from mating. Explorehow sexual selection contributes to behavioral reproductiveisolation. Explain your answer in a well defined manner.
Wyckoff et al. (2000. Nature 403:304-309) have proposed that some human male reproductive-associated genes have evolved by natural selection and not by neutral evolution. Part of the DNA sequence results of their study is shown below. Which gene(s) did seem to evolve by natural selection? Note: dn = number of substitutions per non-synonymous (replacement) sites and ds = number of substitutions per synonymous (silent) sites. dn ds Acrosin-Trypsin 0.138 0.064 Protamine 1 0.133 0.046 SRY 0.055 0.090 Histone H1 (testicular) 0.055…
Consider the roles of different types of selective pressure. Part A: Compare and contrast sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. Part B: Give examples of traits that may be favored in sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. For each, explain if the trait would be favored by one type of selection but selected against by another type of selection. BI 1000 MacBook Air O00 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 $ % & * 2 3 4 6.
What data would suggest that a species evolutionary history includes sexual selection as a mechanism that helped shape the species? If males and females are significantly different from each other (sexual dimporphism) If males and females form different social groups (i.e. herds are formed from either males or females but not both) If some males reproduce with multiple females while other males do not reproduce If males engage in "risky" behavior
rolution on.com/player Stages of natural selection What is the order of stages in natural selection? Genetic variation exists between individuals of a population. Individuals compete with each other for food, water and mates, and to avoid predators. Individuals with adaptive phenotypes compete better and are more likely to survive and reproduce, at the expense of... ..individuals with less adaptive phenotypes and fewer competitive characteristics, which die or reproduce less. Genes for adaptive char acteristics are more likely to be inherited. The number of individuals with the adaptive phenotype increases. oboardworks 18 of 29 Chp
5 2 nts 3 Help Save & Exit Review the discussion of evolution and Investigating Life 1.1. Which of the following statements is/are most likely true? (Select all that apply.) 80 A Check All That Apply Moths that could smell the nectar at the bottom of the orchid saw the need for a longer tongue, so they grew one that reached the nectar and passed on the longer tongue to their offspring. Moths that could smell the nectar at the bottom of the orchid mated with females that had longer tongues so that their offspring might have a chance to reach the nectar At least one moth species has always been able to reach the nectar of the orchid. Moths with longer tongues are more likely to have access to the orchid nectar and are therefore more likely to survive to reproduction. 000 F4 Orchids with deeper nectaries are more likely to have moths rub against their pollen, and are therefore more likely to reproduce than orchids with shallow nectaries. % Saved 8 F7 DII FB F9 what does evolution of
Figure is attached Please consider sexual selection operating on red-collared widowbirds assess the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that appear immediately below; and click the uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and conveys the most accurate information. i. The specimen depicted at the top in the figure represents the group in which individuals were manipulated experimentally, trimmed so that tail lengths were shortened substantially.ii. The specimen depicted at the bottom in the figure represents the group in which individuals were unmanipulated, left untrimmed.iii. Individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the bottom fared better in condition (measured as body mass relative to length) terms than did individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the top. iv. Individuals in the group represented by the specimen at the bottom spent more time flying and displaying to potential mates than did individuals in the group represented…
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/110301_pcbresistantcod (ARTICLE LINK) QUESTIONS: 1. Review the process of natural selection. Use the steps to explain how PCB resistance became so common among tomcod in the Hudson. Be sure to include the terms mutation, fitness, selective pressure, and adaptation in your explanation. 2. In this blog post, the author describes the tomcod as "a quick learner" because of the population's adaptation to PCBs. Is "learning" an accurate way to describe the change in the Hudson River tomcod population? Why or why not? 3. The data shown on the map above support the hypothesis that natural selection for PCB resistance has occurred among tomcod in the Hudson. What sort of evidence regarding gene frequencies in different populations would argue against this hypothesis (i.e., imagine what the scientists would have observed in this study if natural selection on the AHR gene had not occurred among Hudson River tomcod)? 4. Why is it not accurate to…
Please answer the question in a short form, not long! Thanks! Question: Define natural selection and predict how and why the simulation above would be different if the dominant phenotype was being selected against.
The ratio of nonsynonymous differences pernonsynonymous site, dN, to synonymous differences per synonymous site, dS, can be usedto test for positive selection Imagine that in a duplicate pair of loci, oneparalog is evolving neutrally while the other isevolving under strong positive selection. Whatspecific data are needed to detect that situationusing the dN/dS ratio, and what pattern do youexpect to see?
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION The continuity oflife is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. In ashort essay (100–150 words), explain how chromosome behavior during sexual reproduction in animals ensures perpetuationof parental traits in offspring and, at the same time, geneticvariation among offspring.