An input string S of length N is transferred through the network using a special protocol. The protocol can send the string through a series of operations. In one operation, we can choose a lowercase english alphabet and do one of the following: Transfer 1 copy of C through the network. Transfer 2 copies of C through the network. Each of the above transfers take 1 unit of time. Find the minimum time in which we can transfer the entire string S through the network.
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- Note: Please Answer in Java Programming language. An input string S of length N is transferred through the network using a special protocol. The protocol can send the string through a series of operations. In one operation, we can choose a lowercase english alphabet and do one of the following Transfer 1 copy of C through the network. Transfer 2 copies of C through the network. Each of the above transfers take 1 unit of time. Find the minimum time in which we can transfer the entire string S through the network. Input 1 5 cbcdc Output 5this is for MPI communication using c++ I need the code for ring communication using mpi Let us assume that k people sit at a round table, the first people produce a random number and send it to the second person; the second people produce a random number, add it up to the received number and send the result to the third people. The procedure continues till the last people aggregate all random numbers and send them back to the first people. The first people print off the aggregated result.Experiment 1: IMPLEMENTATION OF CAESAR CIPHER Objective: To implement the simple substitution technique named Caesar cipher using C+ language. Theory: To enerypt a message with a Caesar cipher, each letter in the message is changed using a simple rule: shift by three. Each letter of the message is shifted a fixed distance (3 for example) down the alphabet, A becomes D, B becomes E, and so on. For the last letters, we can think of alphabet as a circle and "wrap around", W becomes Z. X becomes A, Y becomes B, and Z becomes C. To change a message back, cach letter is replaced by the one three before it. Example ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ t t t t t t t t ttt t t t t t t tt t t t t t t ft DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW XY Z ABc) digorithm STEP-1: Read the plain text from the user. STEP-2: Read the key value from the user. STEP-3: If the key is positive then encrypt the text by adding the key with each character in the plain text. STEP-4: Else subtract the key from the plain text. STEP-5: Display the…
- Question 2: Encoding Cryptography is the study of trying to create secure information by obscuring the original message. One simple encryption method is to substitute letters from the original message with other letters. To make it harder to decrypt the hidden message, we may also remove clues such as the length of the words in the message and any punctuation or capitalization. Write a function encode that consumes a string message. The function produces a string which is encrypted according the following procedure: * Only the letters from the original message will be encrypted. Other characters such as spaces, punctuation, numeric digits, etc. are not included in the encrypted message at all. * The encrypted message will only contain uppercase letters. * Each letter will be replaced by the uppercase letter at the opposite end of the English alphabet. In other words, A or a will become Z, B or b will become Y, C or c will become X, ..., Z or z will become A. * The encrypted message…C programming Implement an encoder. When completed, your program should be able to accept a short sentence from the user and display an encrypted version of it. For simplicity, let us assume one case of letters throughout, say CAPITALS. We can use a substitution method to scramble a sentence and then use the reverse of this process to recover it. If we take two rows of the alphabet and shift the bottom row along a specified amount (our key), we can then read the letters in our sentence from the top row and use the substituted letter from the bottom row to form the encrypted sentence. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W In the example above, the key is 3, hence the second row is shifted by three characters along. Take, for instance, the sentence “HELLO”. Each letter of your message should be replaced by the letter in the alphabet that comes three letters before. For “HELLO” that would be: EBIIL Your program is required…Question 2: Encoding Cryptography is the study of trying to create secure information by obscuring the original message. One simple encryption method is to substitute letters from the original message with other letters. To make it harder to decrypt the hidden message, we may also remove clues such as the length of the words in the message and any punctuation or capitalization. Write a function encode that consumes a string message. The function produces a string which is encrypted according the following procedure: * Only the letters from the original message will be encrypted. Other characters such as spaces, punctuation, numeric digits, etc. are not included in the encrypted message at all. * The encrypted message will only contain uppercase letters. * Each letter will be replaced by the uppercase letter at the opposite end of the English alphabet. In other words, A or a will become Z, B or b will become Y, C or c will become X, ..., Z or z will become A. * The encrypted message…
- Question 2: Encoding Cryptography is the study of trying to create secure information by obscuring the original message. One simple encryption method is to substitute letters from the original message with other letters. To make it harder to decrypt the hidden message, we may also remove clues such as the length of the words in the message and any punctuation or capitalization. Write a function encode that consumes a string message. The function produces a string which is encrypted according the following procedure: • Only the letters from the original message will be encrypted. Other characters such as spaces, punctuation, numeric digits, etc. are not included in the encrypted message at all. • The encrypted message will only contain uppercase letters. • Each letter will be replaced by the uppercase letter at the opposite end of the English alphabet. In other words, A or a will become z, B or b will become Y, C or c will become x, .., z or z will become A. • The encrypted message will…0. Good binary strings are strings made of Os and 1s where there are no two consecutive Os. For example, 1011011101, 011010 etc. How many good binary strings of length k are there? [Hint: First you may try to find the highest possible number of Os in such strings in terms of k . It can be done separately for odd and even k. Use the Floor function to generalize. Giving the final answer in summation (E) form will suffice.]There is a dining hall of capacity of 10 people at the most in a restaurant where families come to enjoy delicious food. On weekends, however, there is a great crowd in the restaurant. A person would be entertained only if there is a vacant chair. If all the seats are full, it means that there is a single family of 10 members enjoying the dinner. In this case, the person has to wait until the family leaves. Write a synchronization solution using semaphores for the customers entering and leaving the dining hall.
- The GMP library, using C or C++ The prefered solution is to use the Sage library. 2 Fermat test 1. Implement the Fermat test of primality with small integers. 2. Write a function to generate random k-bit prime numbers. 3 RSA 1. Write the key-generation function function of RSA. The function should generate two random primes p and q of size k/2 bits. 2. Implement the RSA encryption function 3. Implement the RSA decryption function 4. Check that decryption worksGiven a binary string S of size N. You had been given the task to convert the given string into Fair string. You can do the following operation any number of times : . If the ith character in S is 0, replace it with 1 using cost C[i]. . If the ith character in S is 1, replace it with 0 using cost Cli). You have to determine the minimum cost used to convert the given string into Fair string. A string S is a Fair string if it is either of type XYXYXYXYXY.... or, XXҮҮХXҮҮХXҮ... Binary strings are string that only contains 'O' and '1'. 9:04 pmExample 2 Enter message to be encrypted: Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter step size: -1 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Cçxç lim, fdm lim. Enter message to be encrypted: Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter step size: 0 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Dèyè mòn, gen mòn. Enter message to be encrypted: QUIT Example 3 Enter message to be encrypted: Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tib: proderit olim. Enter step size: 8 ORIGINAL MESSAGE Perfer et obdura, dolor hic tibi proderit olim. ENCRYPTED MESSAGE Xmznmz m| wjl)zi, lwtwz pąk |qją xzwlmzą| wtqu. Enter message to be encrypted: QUIT