Past paper Answer BOTH Parts of this QuestionThe following questions are regarding HIV.(a)In HIV, describe why there is a simultaneous increase in acuteinflammatory responses alongside a decrease in adaptive immuneresponses.(b)(10 marks)Describe why with HIV, a decrease in CD4 T helper cells in the first 6weeks following infection creates a surge in the number of CD8 CTL's.(10 marks)

(a) A complicated interaction of multiple immunological variables causes the concurrent rise in…

Answered: Answer BOTH Parts of this Question The…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Answer the following related to the graph attached below: a) Relate your immune system’s response to a foreign invader (including the rise and fall of antibody concentrations you graphed) to the symptoms you felt. b) Summarize the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. If desired, use additional resources to help you make this comparison.
HIV predominantly infects T-helper cells, cells that are responsible for coordinating B- and T-cell activity. Based on this information, explain why HIV-infected individuals are at a very high risk for developing microbial infections. List the causative agent (virus) and discuss its properties. Name and briefly discuss 3 diseases that AIDS patients are more likely to contract.(Terminology to use: opportunistic pathogens, T and B cell purposes, CD4 cells, retrovirus, reverse transcription)
1. Mr. Samara Austin, a twenty-four-year footballer sustained a bruise on his right knee during training on the field and reported 3 days later with redness and oedema on the site.Explain the inflammatory process leading to the manifestations.2. The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called lymphokines that serve as autocrine regulators of the immune system. a. Identify any five (5) lymphokines and explain their functions.b. Briefly state a function for each of the following immune cells.  Monocytes Mast Cells  B Lymphocytes Cytotoxic, T Lymphocytes Helper T Lymphocytes
State whether each of the following statements is True Or False. If it is False, explain why. (i) Nucleated cells tend to be more resistant to complement-mediated lysis than red blood cells. (ii) The C4 and C2 complement components are present in the serum in a functionally inactive proenzyme from.
Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The cell type most often invaded by HIV is a(n) (a) eosinophil, (b) cytotoxic T cell, (c) natural killer cell, (d) helper T cell, (e) B cell.
Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?
1. Match the following leukocytes (A-L) with the correct description (a-j). Each term should be used only once or it should not be used at all. please do ( E , F, G) Mast cells Neutrophils Macrophages Eosinophils Monocytes Dendriticcells B cells Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Basophils Plasma cells Natural killer cells (a) _____ can perform phagocytosis and they are the most abundant type of leukocytes in the blood.(b) _____ are found in various tissues and release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation. (c) _____ are cytotoxic cells used for the killing of parasites(d) _____ are transformed into macrophages when they enter tissues.(e) _____ are antibody-producing cells.(f) _____ can specifically kill virus-infected and cancer cells.(g) _____ have receptors consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains(h) _____ can kill pathogens by phagocytosis and present peptide antigen fragments on MHC molecules. (i) _____ are found in…
Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Complement fixation promotes all of the following except (a) cell lysis, (b) inflammation, (c) opsonization, (d) interferon release, (e) chemotaxis of neutrophils and other cells.
For each of the following situations, indicate which type(s) of lymphocyte(s), if any, would be expected to proliferate rapidly in lymph nodes and where in the nodes they would do so. Nomal mouse with a viral infection (a) (b) (c) Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with a protein antigen Neonatally thymectomized mouse immunized with the thymus-independent antigen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which does not require the aid of THcells to activate B cells.
Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. cytotoxic T cells Stimulated by the release of cytokines from macrophages, helper T cells, and interferons, b. viruses The race is on: с. В сеlls 15 14 d. antibodies try to replicate before the immune system can mount a response. Two have already taken over cells in the body. quickly recognize the viruses as a foreign threat. They begin destroying viruses by engulfing them. e. helper T cells join the attack on virus- infected cells. They also fight cancer cells. f. macrophages g. natural killer (NK) cells h. regulatory T cells eieg ucl bris ah lo oolom i. memory T cells and B cells neo alled 18 alloo omeslo ofni ola 19 17 are Y-shaped proteins designed specifically to recognize a particular viral mature into plasma cells, which in turn produce Y-shaped proteins. ebie hel ert beer honelni vood avtne er (the battle managers of the immune system) emit sig- nals to other lymphocytes to join the attack. oeonetelagn or…
Name two cytokines that are thought to be involved in the inflammatory response to viruses (cite your source). Describe a component of the innate immune response to viral infection (name it and explain how it works. Be sure you are talking about something that protects you from viruses.)
Answer the following questions and explain briefly. 1. Refer to the photo for the question. 2. How will you differentiate innate and adaptive immunity? 3. What cells in the innate immunity are responsible for causing phagocytosis? 4. What are the major cells involved in eliciting the actions of adaptive immunity?

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