Any given MHC molecule binds peptides that are related structurally. These families of peptides have that bind the peptide to the MHC molecule. Collectively this combination of amino acid residues is known as its
Q: 1. BLAST is a common public web tool used in bioinformatics. What does the acronym BLAST stand for?…
A: Introduction In order for a unicellular organism to transform into a new organism, cell division is…
Q: Describe the possibility of generation of novel life forms from a flask with boiled yeast broth,…
A: The theory of spontaneous regeneration, which proposed that life entities develop from inanimate…
Q: 6. Explain about Serological Methods of laboratory diagnosis?
A: Serological tests are the immunoassay method for testing the antigen and antibodies interactions for…
Q: What are the heritable changes in cells that contribute to cancer development?
A: Introduction Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…
Q: Which event occurs during telophase of mitosis?
A: Introduction :- A cell prepares for cell division by replicating its chromosomes, segregating them,…
Q: If you have a genome that is 21% Adenine, what percent of the genome is Thymine? 25% 21%…
A: Chargaff's rules states that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of…
Q: The membrane potential is due to a difference in electric charges across the plasma membrane.
A: Biological membranes exhibit different permeability for different ions.
Q: Figure #1 and #2 show the results collected from a fun enzyme activity lab that did NOT involve the…
A: Introduction Enzymes are known as biocatalyst. Chemically enzymes are protein. It increases the…
Q: A child with AB+ blood is born to a mother that has A- blood. Which of the following paternal…
A: Introduction Codominance and multiple alleles are examples in human blood group inheritance. It is…
Q: The most common neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of an action potential is
A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry chemical signals from one neuron to next…
Q: Potassium leak channels allow K+ to pass into the neuron.
A: In neurons the signals are transmitted electrochemically. A neurotransmitter, that is released by…
Q: Which region on the following Ramachandran Plot corresponds to the allowable region(s) for Pro? J…
A: The Ramachandran plot is a plot between the torsional angles of the amino acids in a peptide. The…
Q: The process of urinary step by step
A: following is a detailed description of step by step urine formation:-
Q: Define telomeres, telomerase, and senescence and describe their effects on cancer.
A: Introduction Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…
Q: Xanthophyta
A: It is commonly known as Yellow green algae. The general characteristics include- They contain chl…
Q: Describe the study of model organisms helps to study cellular processes and how diseases like cancer…
A: All living things are thought to have descended from a common ancestor, whose basic functions have…
Q: What might happen if only one kinetochore of a particular chromosome attached to a microtubule?
A: kinetochore - kinetochore is composed of a large protein complex. That assembles on a specialized…
Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…
A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…
Q: 1. Alternating red and black stripes are _______________ to the tan stripe that extends along the…
A: Some have unique physiological features which make them different from other surrounding organisms.…
Q: Structural analysis of bacterial release factor 1 (RF-1) and release factor-2 (RF-2) reveals that…
A: Structural analysis of bacterial release factor 1 (RF-1) and release factor-2 (RF-2) has revealed…
Q: A patient is asked to participate in a trial using a bacteriophage to treat a Streptococcus…
A: Bacteriophage It refers to the virus that is responsible for causing infections in bacteria. The…
Q: How does invasive aquatic species affect the genetic diversity
A: Invasive species Invasive species are those that are intentionally introduced into a group of…
Q: Prophages and proviruses have been described as being similar to bacterial plasmids. How are…
A: the genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to…
Q: Margaret Sanger and the eugenics movement?
A: Eugenics The term "eugenics" was coined for the first time in 1880. It defines the theory of…
Q: A student observes a cell through a light microscope and correctly decides that it is a plant cell.…
A: the student has observed a cell under the microscope and has labelled it as a plant cell because:-
Q: Q3) Why is heat an effective means of sterilization?
A: Sterilization is a method of removing or deactivation the microorganisms present in the liquid or on…
Q: Physiological systems can only tolerate small fluctuations in salt and water concentrations.
A: Four important physiological systems of the human body include the skeletal system, digestive…
Q: True or False. A haploid egg may develop without fertilization.
A: Diploid organisms have two copies of every chromosome (2n) in each cell. Whereas haploid organisms…
Q: B. Word Pool. Identify the term being described. Select your answer from the word pool below.…
A: By accretion from the solar nebula, Earth was created 4.54 billion years ago, or roughly one-third…
Q: injected mice with non-pathogenetic bacteria that had been incubated in the remains of pathogenic…
A: Ans: In this case there was no transformation
Q: The first gene rearrangements to be initiated in double-negative thymocytes are Select one: a. y and…
A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.
Q: An action potential exhibits absolute refractory period in the hyperpolarization repolarization all…
A: Refractory period is a period of time in which a cell is incapable of repeating a particular…
Q: Which of the following is found in both the light reactions of photosynthesis and cellular…
A: Light-dependent reactions occur on thylakoid membranes during photosynthesis. Cellular respiration…
Q: When mendel performed mono-hybrid crosses with opposing traits (i.e. purple and white flowers), what…
A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: Q47
A: Large macro molecules are complex biomolecules. Bio molecules are in the form of DNA, RNA, proteins…
Q: Coronary artery disease causes: 8 1) hypoxia and ischemia 2) hypoxia but not ischemia 3) ischemia…
A: Coronary artery disease causes Ischemia but not hypoxia (Option 3 is correct).
Q: dihybrid cross
A: The dihybrid cross is defined as the mating between 2 organisms which are each heterozygous for 2…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin is correct? Upon…
A: "Blood" is an extracellular matrix made up of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood…
Q: 7. Which of the following codons does NOT represent a stop codon? AUG UAA UAG UGA 8. A botanist…
A: Introduction :- A stop codon is a trinucleotide sequence of three nucleotides found in messenger RNA…
Q: Explain about the conducting systems of heart.
A: Heart maintain a constant flow of blood throughout the body. This replenishes oxygen and circulates…
Q: Why germination take time- to protect the seeds.
A: All seeds require the proper amount of moisture to start the internal processes that result in…
Q: Describe the pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with links to Madam Suba’s case. Include…
A: A disorder in the body's ability to control and utilise sugar (glucose) as fuel is type 2 diabetes.…
Q: Plan a one-day menu for a patient with hypertension, following the 2000 kcal. DASH Eating Plan and…
A: Note: Please note that as per our company's honor code we are not allowed to cite external…
Q: DNA topoisomerase makes single or double-stranded cuts in DNA to induce or relax supercoiling or…
A: Different enzymes are involved in the process of DNA replication. Topoisomerases are one such class…
Q: All of the following events occur within germinal centers except
A: Germinal centre It is abbreviated as GC and is a special type of structure formed in lymphoid and…
Q: What are the risks in planting (dead seed, unhealthy)
A: Putting the seeds in a jar of water is one approach to determine whether the seed is viable or…
Q: How acidic or basic a solution is can be represented as a number on the pH scale. What is the number…
A: pH It is a scale that is used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution having the…
Q: What data show that "Blending" between the phenotypes of two parents is not a correct view of…
A: The answer is: Some traits skip a generation and then return
Q: The neural tissue has large - that are assisted by smaller cells called-
A: Nervous system is very complex. There are two types of cells present. Actual nerve cell - they…
Q: Which of the following are important chemical considerations defining the structure and function of…
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(Ribonucleic acid) are two examples of nucleic acids. To…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Polymorphism implies that each different MHCprotein binds a different peptide motif. For the MHCclass I polymorphisms, how many different MHCproteins are expressed in an individual? How many bythe entire human population?For many years it was a complete mystery howcytotoxic T cells could see a viral protein that seemed to bepresent only in the nucleus of the virus-infected cell. Theanswer was revealed in a classic paper that took advan-tage of a clone of T cells whose T cell receptor was directedagainst an antigen assoicated with the nuclear protein ofthe 1968 strain of influenza virus. The authors of the paperfound that when they incubated high concentrations ofcertain peptides derived from the viral nuclear protein, thecells became sensitive to lysis by subsequent incubationwith the cytotoxic T cells. Using various peptides from the1968 strain and the 1934 strain (with which the cytotoxic Tcells did not react), the authors defined the particular pep-tide responsible for the T cell response (Figure Q24–1).A. Which part of the viral protein gives rise to thepeptide that is recognized by the clone of cytotoxic T cells? Why do not all viral peptides sensitize the target cells forlysis by the cytotoxic T…The five classes of immunoglobulin differ in …. Select one: a. None of the above b. Ability to bind various classes of antigens (viral, bacterial etc) c. Make up of the heavy and light chains d. Rate of mutation in the variable domain (i.e. speed at which each class can respond to a new antigen) e. Size of the variable domain
- In regard to antigen presentation, MHC class I molecules usually present peptides derived from _____, whereas MHC class II molecules usually present peptides derived from _____. a. intracellular cytosolic sources; vesicular system b. phagolysosome; proteasomes c. MIIC; self proteins d. CLIP; HLA-DM e. endocytic vesicles; endoplasmic reticulum.Amino acid variation among MHC class II allotypes that present antigens to CD4 T cells is concentrated a. where MHC contacts the co-receptors CD4 or CD8 b. in the β chain, because the α chain is monomorphic c. where the MHC molecule contacts peptide and the T-cell receptor d. in the α chain, because the β chain is monomorphic e. throughout both the α and β chains in all domains.Define the following terms: a. tus-ter complex b. chimera c. MHC antigens d. helices e. primer
- One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to medi-ate the elimination of tumor cells by killer lymphocytes.In a study of 35 primary lung and colon tumors, half thetumors were found to have amplified and overexpressed agene for a secreted protein that binds to Fas ligand. How doyou suppose that overexpression of this protein might con-tribute to the survival of these tumor cells? Explain yourreasoning.The MHC molecule diversity is generated by which of the following mechanisms? Select one: a. Somatic recombination and junctional diversity Ob. Somatic hypermutation Oc. Polymorphism Od. Alternative RNA splicing to generate secreted form e. Class switchingThe ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here. Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein? The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?
- A virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with antigen processing (TAP). If the virus infects macrophages, the infected cells are most likely to exhibit a reduction in which of the following? Cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins O a. b. Cell surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins Ос. Cell surface co-stimulatory proteins O d. Lysosome function е. Proteasome functionExperiments are performed to analyze protein tyrosine phosphorylation in response to TCR stimulation. For these experiments, T cells are stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody, and then lysates are prepared and run on a protein (SDS-PAGE) gel to separate the proteins by molecular weight. The proteins are transferred from the gel to a membrane for immunoblotting using an antibody that binds to all phosphorylated tyrosine residues in any protein; this antibody is called ‘anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody,’ and is abbreviated as anti-P-Y. The results are shown in the figure below. You confirm that the mutant T cells express normal levels of all the proteins detected in the WT cells, including PLC-g, SLP-76, ITK, ZAP-70, LCK, LAT, and the CD3 and TCRz proteins. Based on these data, which of the following proteins (biotin, hygromycin, and streptavidin) can rule out its presence? Briefly explain your answer. What protein is most likely defective in the mutant cells and why? For the protein you…Identify the highlighted part of the antibody O Antigen Binding Site O Constant region O Constant region of a heavy chain O Constant region of a light chain O Disulfide bond O Heavy chain O Light Chain O Variable region O Variable region of a heavy chain O Variable region of a light chain