As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need tomake a genomic library to characterize the flowercolor genes of snapdragons.a. How many genomic equivalents would you like tohave represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene inyour library?
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As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need to
make a genomic library to characterize the flower
color genes of snapdragons.
a. How many genomic equivalents would you like to
have represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene in
your library?
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- As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need tomake a genomic library to characterize the flowercolor genes of snapdragons.a. How many genomic equivalents would you like tohave represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene inyour library?b. How do you determine the number of independentclones that should be screened to guarantee thisnumber of genomic equivalents?. The position of the gene for the protein actin in the haploid fungus Neurospora is known from the complete genome sequence. If you had a slow-growing mutant thatyou suspected of being an actin mutant and you wantedto verify that it was one, would you (a) clone the mutantby using convenient restriction sites flanking the actingene and then sequence it or (b) amplify the mutantgene by using PCR and then sequence it?Not all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.
- A paper hypothesizes that white flowers are unable to produce anthocyanins (purple pigments) because they lack a functional “A” protein. However, it is also possible that an unknown gene is responsible for the lack of anthocyanins. Now that they have isolated DNA sequences of the “A” allele, design an experiment to use these DNA sequences to distinguish between these two hypotheses.a) Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online. (i) How can online tools such as BLAST and FASTA assist in our genomics research? Is the sequence below in FASTA format? Justify your answer. >gi 129295|sp|P01013 | OVAX_CHICK GENE X PROTEIN (OVALBUMIN-RELATED) QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMWKTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCMNNSFNVATLPAE KMKILELPFASGDLSMLVLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPNTMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTS VLMALGMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHGAFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESEQFRADHP (ii) FLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSPSuppose you are constructing a human genomic library in BAC vectors where the human DNA fragments are on average 100,000 bp. a. What is the minimum number of different recombinant BACs you need to construct in order to havea greater than zero chance of having a completelibrary—meaning one in which the entire genomeis represented?The simple statistical equation that follows allows youto determine the size that a genomic library needs tobe (that is, the number of independent recombinantclones you need to make) for a given likelihood thatthe entire genome is represented in the library.N = ln (1 − P)ln (1 − f )In the equation, N is the number of independent recombinant clones; P is the probability that any particular partof the genome is represented at least one time; f is thefraction of the genome in a single recombinant clone.(Note: ln is the natural log, sometimes written as loge.)b. Calculate f for the genomic library described in part (a).c. How many different recombinant BAC…
- As the leading scientist in a biomedical science laboratory, it is up to you to give advice to your lab assistants when they are having problems with their experiments. What advice would you give to your assistants that are having the following problems: After performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence of the CO1 gene of 750bp. a. They observe no band appearing on an agarose gel. What would be your conclusion? b. They observe three bands of different sizes that resemble a smear on the gel. Advise. a. They observe a single band on the gel and conclude that the PCR product is an exact copy of the original template DNA. Would you support their conclusion? ExplainYou know from your calculationsthat only a small proportion of the human genome is represented, even when the entire class results areconsidered. Therefore, the chance of finding a particular single-copy gene in your library is very small.Outline a strategy for constructing a genomic DNA library more representative of the entire humangenome. You will need to consider alternative vectors and the efficiency of transformation of thebacterial cells.a To make a genomic library useful for sequencingan entire genome, why would you ordinarily fragment the genomic DNA by mechanical shearingforces like sonication rather than by cutting theDNA with a restriction enzyme?b. Suppose that you wanted to make a genomic library to determine the complete sequence of anewly discovered organism’s genome, but you didnot have a sonicator readily available. Explain howyou could nonetheless use two or more restrictionenzymes to make libraries whose clones could besequenced so that a computer could assemble thegenomic sequence.c. Suppose you only had a single restriction enzymeavailable, and you want to make a single genomiclibrary from which you could assemble the genomic sequence. How might you be able to achievethis goal? (Hint: See Problem 9.) To make this library, would it be preferable to use a restriction enzyme that recognizes a 4-base, 6-base, or 8-basesequence of DNA?
- The following figure shows a screen shot from the UCSC Genome Browser, focusing on a region of the human genome encoding a gene called MFAP3L. (Note hg38 refers to version 38 of the human genome RefSeq)a. Describe in approximate terms the genomic location of MFAP3L.b. Is the gene transcribed in the direction from the centromere-to-telomere or from the telomere-to-centromere?c. How many alternative splice forms of MFAP3L mRNA are indicated by the data?d. How many different promoters for MFAP3L are suggested by the data?The following figure shows a screen shot from the UCSC Genome Browser, focusing on a region of the human genome encoding a gene called MFAP3L. (Note hg38 refers to version 38 of the human genome RefSeq) a. Describe in approximate terms the genomic location of MFAP3L. b. Is the gene transcribed in the direction from the centromere-to-telomere or from the telomere-to-centromere? c. How many alternative splice forms of MFAP3L mRNA are indicated by the data? d. How many different promoters for MFAP3L are suggested by the data?The following figure shows a screen shot from the UCSC Genome Browser, focusing on a region of the human genome encoding a gene called MFAP3L. (Note hg38 refers to version 38 of the human genome RefSeq)a. Describe in approximate terms the genomic location of MFAP3L.b. Is the gene transcribed in the direction from the centromere-to-telomere or from the telomere-to-centromere?c. How many alternative splice forms of MFAP3L mRNA are indicated by the data?d. How many different promoters for MFAP3L are suggested by the data? (please do not copy and paste the answer from below. i don't think it is correct. a. MFAP3L is mostly found in the nucleus in the genome. It is found on chromosome 4 reverse strand. The protein produced by the gene is found in the cell membrane, and it is positioned on the membrane with the carboxyl side of the protein facing the cytosol. b. The MFAP3L gene is transcribed from the telomere to the centromere. c. According to the data, there are 11 different splice forms…