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- The limbic system is composed of several interconnected structures including the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the thalamus. Pair each of these structures with their function listed below: -This limbic area is active when you are trying to memorize the names of brain areas. It is also severely atrophied in people suffering from late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. -This limbic area is active when you are watching something that makes you feel sad. -This limbic area is active when you feel thirsty. -When the activity of this limbic area is increased you feel a sense of pleasure. -When this limbic area is damaged it often results in patients experiencing anterograde amnesia. -Damage to this limbic structure while rare often results in patients going into a coma. -This cortical limbic structure plays a large role in motivation and movement and has recently been…Excess neural connections within the brain are reduced through a process of accommodation. true or falseWhy it is difficult to determine the accuracy of a “memory” that is recovered in therapy?
- A neurosurgeon probes a person’s brain to map its functions. The person is awake and feels no pain during this procedure. As each area of the brain is probed, the person perceives a different sensation, as described in the table. Which structure (or lobe) of the brain is being stimulated in each scenario? [You do not need to explain why. Just state the lobe or structure] a) “I can hear a radio playing” _____________________ b) “I can see a flash of bright light” _____________________ c) “I can smell the flowers in my garden” ______________________ d) “I remember a happy moment from my childhood” ____________________ e) “I can feel pain in my foot” ____________________ f) “My finger just twitched” ____________________The ____ and ____ are both found deep within fissures of the cerebral cortex. These two regions form a network with the amygdala and hypothalamus. Although they are also involved in other important functions, many modern imaging studies show that they activate simultaneously during the conscious experience of emotional feelings. A) anterior cingulate cortex; anterior insular cortex B) thalamus; hippocampus C) caudate nucleus; globus pallidus D) substancia nigra; ventra tegmental areaIdentify the location of the cell bodies of second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract? Ventral horn Dorsal root ganglia Dorsal horn Thalamus Medulla Identify the location of the cell bodies of first order neurons of the spinothalamic tract? Ventral horn Dorsal root ganglia Dorsal horn Thalamus Medulla
- What are the three temporal stores for memory? Why does neuroscience see fit to add a fourth store (that we call "remote" memory)? What seems to be the difference between permanent and non-permanent forms of memory? Think about the neural substrates involved and how the brain "handles" these memories.This system of loosely connected neurons (primarily in the central core of the brain stem) helps to keep the cerebral cortex alert while filtering out excess stimuli: Group of answer choices Endocrine Autonomic System Reticular Activating System (RAS) Limbic System NMDA Receptors This major part of the brain acts as a switch and relay center, directing incoming sensory information to the proper part of the cerebral cortex: Group of answer choices cerebellum - vermis cerebrum - white matter brain stem - pons diencephalon - thalamus The part of the brain that helps with the timing and patterns of skeletal muscle movement, allowing Angela to walk smoothly into the room: Group of answer choices spinal cord cerebellum cerebrum brain stem diencephalonTwo major somatosensory ascending pathways in the spinal cord, for touch and proprioception and pain and temperature, respectively, as discussed in class, are: gracile fasciculus; cuneate fasciculus dorsal column medial lemniscal system; anterolateral system posterior spinocerebellar tract; anterior spinocerebellar tract lateral corticospinal tract; anterior corticospinal tract
- There are three basic levels of somatic motor control: reflexes, subconscious control, and conscious control. Review these three levels of control by answering the questions below: 1. Which process is the fastest? 2. Which process is the slowest? 3. Which process is the simplest (has the fewest synapses)? 4. Which process is the most complex? 5. Which process are you aware of? 6. A decision made by nuclei in the brain, but not the spinal cord, is which process? 7. A decision made by the spinal cord is which process 8. A decision made by the cerebral cortex is which process?Based on the evidence from recordings of single neurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in rodents by Nobel Laureates John O'Keefe, May-Brit Moser and Edvard Moser, one would predict that patients like H.M. (whose bilateral medial temporal lobes were removed) would have problems with Short-term memory Semantic memory Spatial memory Object memory Face memorystate the functions (unless marked *) of the following: Dura mater Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space Pia mater Lateral ventricles - Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Cerebrum Cerebral cortex Gyrus* Sulcus*. Longitudinal fissure*. Left & right hemispheres* Central sulcus* Frontal lobe* Parietal lobe* Temporal lobe* Occipital lobe* Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland* Pineal gland Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata…
