C2. | Consider a closed demand-determined economy with fixed prices and wages. Consumption depends positively on disposable income C(Y) co + G (Y- NT (Y)). The shock: The govemment decides to switch from an income tax to a consumption tax policy leaving the marginal tax rate unchanged. Specifically, in the net tax function NT (Y) = To+ tY + tC(Y), switches from the initial regime with T = 0, to a regime with t = 0. Find the new (after the reform) slope of the IS schedule and compare it with the initial one (before the reform), assuming t = t.
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- Assume that a hypothetical economy with an MPC of 0.8 is experiencing severe recession. A) By how much would government spending have to rise to shift the aggreagte demand curve rightward by $ 25 billion? How large a tax cut would be needed to achieve the same increase in aghregate demand? Instructions: Round your answer to 2 decimal places and enter your answer as a positive number. Tax cut= ? (billion) B) Determine one possible combination of government spending increases and tax increases that would accomplish the same goal without changing the amount of outstanding debt. Increase government spending by (?) billion. Increase taxes by (?) billion.115.) If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, then according to the Keynesian Cross, the tax multiplier is -$3 -$1.5 -$0.6 none of the aboveSuppose that autonomous consumption (a) is 300, private investment spending (I) is 420,government spending (G) is 400 , Net taxes (T) are 400 and marginal propensity to consume(b) is 80 %, and marginal tax rate (t) is 25 % . By using the above information: b) Suppose that the potential income level is 2500 in the economy. In this case, what kind offiscal policy you can use to reach the full employment level. (show this numerically andexplain it on your graph)
- Suppose that planned investment and planned government purchases do not depend on income: | = 15 and G = 17. Consumption, as you would expect, does depend on income via the consumption function C = 2 + 0.75Y – 0.75T. Net taxes are T = 12. Your friend thinks that the equilibrium will be where Y = 150 but he is wrong. What is the best description of this situation? the (Y, AE) point is above the 45 degree line, Y will adjust down the (Y, AE) point is above the 45 degree line, Y will adjust up the (Y, AE) point is below the 45 degree line, Y will adjust down the (Y, AE) point is below the 45 degree line, Y will adjust upSuppose an economy is characterised by the following: C = 160 + 0.6 (400 - T) | = 150 G = 150 T = 100 || Determine: i) The equilibrium output level ii) If G rises to 200, what is the new equilibrium level of output? iii) If taxes fall by 50, how much will equilibrium output rise? iv) Based on your calculations in parts ii) above, does higher level of government spending or tax cut have a greater effect on output?Help me please
- Assume that the consumption function is given by C = 150 + 0.85(Y – T)and the tax function is given by T = t0 + t1Y where C = Consumption, Y = Total output/income, t0 = Autonomous/fixed tax and t1 = Tax rate. If t0increases by 1 unit, then explain whether consumption will be increased or decreased, and how much?Suppose a closed economy with no government spending which in equilibrium is producing an output and income of 2250. Suppose also that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, and that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3050 By how much would the government need to cut taxes (T) to bring the economy to full employment?Assume that the economy is in a severe recession with a high level of under-utilized capacity. The estimated overall consumption function is: C = $150 million + 0.9 Y The government estimates that a $180 B increase in Aggregate Demand is necessary to restore the economy to a full-employment level of output. It determines that the best way to do achieve this is through fiscal stimulus. How much of a tax cut (in $) would be necessary? If the government wanted to maintain a balanced budget, would it be able to stimulate the economy through fiscal policy actions? How could it do this?
- Section 2 - Exercises Exercise 1: Automatic stabilisers Assume a closed economy (no import or export) characterised by the following equations describing the behaviour of aggregate demand: Consumption function: C = Co + C₁ (YT) T = to +t₁Y [Taxation rule] Investment and government spending are assumed to be constant: I = I and G = G Where co is autonomous consumption, tå is autonomous taxation, c₁ = 0.6 is the marginal propensity to consume, t₁ = 0.2 is the sensitivity of tax revenues to income. a) Explain why it is reasonable to assume that government tax revenues would respond to changes in income. b) Solve for the equilibrium output in the goods market. c) What is the Keynesian multiplier in this economy? How is it related to the parameters of the model. d) Assume autonomous consumption co falls by £1 Billion. Calculate the change in equilibrium output. e) Represent the effect of the shock on a Keynesian cross diagram. f) Complete the table below and explain in words how the…Suppose that the government of Uplandia is experiencing a large budget deficit with fixed government expenditures of G=375 and fixed taxes of T= 225. Assume that consumers of Uplandia behave as described in the following consumption function C = 450 + 0.96 (Y - T). Suppose further that investment spending is fixed at 300. a. Calculate the equilibrium level of GDP in Uplandia. Solve for equilibrium levels of Y, C, and S. b. Next, assume that the National Congress in Uplandia succeeds in reducing taxes by 89 to a new fixed level of 136. Recalculate the equilibrium level of GDP using the tax multiplier c. Solve for equilibrium levels of Y, C, and S after the tax cut and check to ensure that the multiplier worked.If the Keynesian consumption function were C = 2,000 + 0.75YD , what would the value of the tax multiplier be, and how much would equilibrium $output/$income, Y, change if taxes were decreased by 200? Group of answer choices A) Tax multiplier = - 4 ; change in Y = + $160 B) Tax multiplier = - 5 ; change in Y = + $1,000. C) Tax multiplier = - 4 ; change in Y = + $800. D) Tax multiplier = - 5 ; change in Y = + $4,000. E) Tax multiplier = - 3 ; change in Y = + $600.