Can you help me diagram and explain each step involved in the movement of an electron in the non-cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation/ETS process?
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Can you help me diagram and explain each step involved in the movement of an electron in the non-cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation/ETS process?
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- For the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.You will create a slide show/ Canva/ Website on the flow chart of photosynthesis phases .Your poster should include, but is not limited to:○ The overall equation is at the top.○ A diagram of a chloroplast which indicates where each reactant is used and whereeach product is synthesized. ○ All intermediary steps were studied in the light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions, in the form of a flow chart(try to add details around them), using appropriate terminology. ● You will also submit a detailed explanation of your flow chart, using appropriateterminology.Provide a simplified schematic presentation of (non-cyclic) photophosphorylation. Clearly indicate the location and direction of electron and proton flow as well as organelle compartments. (You can also draw the Z-scheme but then you have to include ADP phosphorylation).
- Describe cyclic and non cyclic photo phosphorylation. Include all the stepsIn the previous question, we identified what products are needed and made at each step of the electron transport chain. In this question, I'd like you to think about what would happen if we applied an herbicide that prevented plant growth by inhibiting some of the pieces in your diagram above. For example, if we applied an herbicide to our plants and it affected the ability of Photosystem II to work, it would prevent he production of oxygen. Let's say we apply an herbicide to our plants and it affects the function of ATP synthase. What product would be inhibited? Group of answer choices ATP NADPH G3P OxygenIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
- 1. A) For the schematic of a chloroplast shown in the image attached, match the major input and output molecules of photosynthesis to the letters shown. Molecules: CO2, H2O, O2, sugar A: B: C: D: B) In the image attached, the light reactions are shown to take place in the thylakoid. Where specifically do these reactions take place? C) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?In photosynthesis, contrast the light reactions with the light independent reactions, in terms of goals, inputs, and outputs of each. Spatially where do they take place (which parts of the chloroplast)? (Optional, for further discussion: Could there be light reactions without light-independent reactions, or visa-versa?)Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?
- What is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? Wouldphotosynthesis be more efficient if their individual absorption spectra coincided exactly?Using the action spectrum for photosynthesis, determinewhat wavelengths of light appear to be optimal forphotosynthesis. [Hint: Refer to the Biochemistry inPerspective essay entitled Photosynthetic Studies atthe companion website, www.oup.com/us/mckee.]2.) A.) Explain how electron transfer leads to ATP biosynthesis in the light reactions of photosynthesis. You must give details about how electron flow builds a pH gradient and a description of the compartments in the chloroplast in relation to pH. Also, compare the ETC of the mitochondrion with the ETC of the light reactions for both the source and destination for electrons. B.) Would ATP biosynthesis happen if ionophores, which would create holes in the thylakoid membrane and allow uncontrolled passage of charged molecules such as protons between compartments, are provided to the chloroplast? Why or why not? C.) How would you modify Complex I of the electron transport chain to decrease ATP yield from Step 3 of β-oxidation? As part of this, you must explain why there is a difference in ATP yield between NADH and FADH 2 AND give a specific change to the ETC that would decrease ATP yield from Step 3