Q: Could stem cells be made to differentiate into meat cells and then cloned to produce edible meat?
A: Stem cells are specialized undifferentiated cells that have the ability to give rise to different…
Q: Can we treat cancer by restoring tumor suppressor function such as mutated p53 or pRb? If so, how…
A: The process by which a cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells is referred to as cell…
Q: What is the link between epigenetics and cancer?
A: Epigenetics is considered as the study in which the gene shows its behavior according to the…
Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…
A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…
Q: Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and…
A: Normal cell has low level of p53 protein. When DNA damage or other stress signals may trigger p53…
Q: What are Two kinds of cancer-producing mutations?
A: Cancer is defined as any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of…
Q: Yamanaka’s 2012 Nobel Prize was awarded for hisa. successful cloning of Dolly the sheep.b.…
A: Answer is b.) demonstration that transcription factors canepigenetically reprogram adult cells.
Q: If cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease, how might an environmental factor such as smoking…
A: Tumor is a mass of tissues. It may be benign or malignant. The cellular growth that occurs when the…
Q: explain how p53 functions in a cell that sustained DNA damage to prevent progression of that cell…
A: p53 induces numerous different target genes and blocks the different stages of progression of tumor…
Q: Why is regulating transcription the main way that cells control gene expression? A. Because…
A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is synthesized with the help of RNA polymerase enzyme. RNA…
Q: The role of p53 in normal cells is toa. create cancer-blocking mutations.b. trigger unrestrained…
A: Answer- P53 is the tumor supressing gene that is prensent in every cell. Any mutation in this leads…
Q: For a gene to be cancer-inducing, both copies of the gene must be affected, explain it with example.
A: Cancer inducing gene The gene having the potential to cause cancer are called as cancer inducing…
Q: Explain how Epigenetics are related with Cancer ?
A: Answer- Epigenetics is the change in the gene expression without changing the sequence of the DNA.
Q: what is the role and relevence of chromatin in gene expression
A: Chromatin: It is the mass of genetic materials composed of DNA and Proteins which are condensed to…
Q: What is an induced pluripotent stem cell? a. A cell from which the nucleus has been removed b. A…
A: In multicellular living beings, stem cells are undifferentiated or part of the way separated cells…
Q: How can cancer arise from stem cells?
A: Stem cells are unique human cells and can grow into several cell types. This can vary between cells…
Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…
A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…
Q: Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop…
A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…
Q: What is the difference between the different kinds of STEM cells?
A: Stem cells are self-renewal cell. They are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to divide…
Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
A: Oncogenes are those genes that have the potential to cause cancer. These genes are often mutated or…
Q: Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? a.RET b.RB c.BRCA1 d.BRCA2
A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).…
Q: “Gene therapy can be used in treating cancers”- Briefly explain this statement at your own words.
A: Gene therapy is a branch of medical science that emphasizes genetically altering cells to provide a…
Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…
A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…
Q: Imagine that you are a scientist who wants to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying…
A: Mus musculus is an experimental model organism that allows researchers to test the role of certain…
Q: How do normal cells protect themselves from accumulating mutations in genes that could lead to…
A: Studies reveal that the p53 protein instructs cells to under-go apoptosis when mutations in the DNA…
Q: Describe the cell engineering process you would use to control the proliferation activities of stem…
A: Stem cells have the capacity to renew, regenerate and differentiate into specialized stem cells. The…
Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…
A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…
Q: How might stem cells be used to repair brain or heart damage, even though these cells do not undergo…
A: Differentiation is important because specialized cells are used up, damaged or die all the time…
Q: relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer
A: Any permanent change occurring in the DNA base sequence is referred to as a mutation. The mutation…
Q: explain what are stem cells
A: A cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of the all known organisms. A cell…
Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.
A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…
Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.
A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…
Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…
A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…
Q: compare and contrast cancer caused by viruses and cancer caused by oncogenes
A: Introduction Cancer is a disease occurs due to uncontrolled mitosis. Cancerous cells can destroy…
Q: Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the…
A: The journey from a gene to a cellular component (proteins) is a complex process and is strictly…
Q: help!!! Answer the following questions Only in cell biology 1. A. Discuss the roles of two main…
A: Stem cells are reserve cells that involve in the growth and differentiation of tissues. It has the…
Q: Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of…
A: Cancer is the umbrella term for a group of diseases. Any of the body's cells begin to divide without…
Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…
A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…
Q: In cell growth, how does the normal allele of BRCA1 work? Is it an oncogene or a tumor suppressor…
A: Cell growth is a very complex and orderly process in which various enzymes cell signaling pathways…
Q: In DNA repair, how does the normal allele of BRCA1 work? Is it an oncogene or a tumor suppressor…
A: During the replication process, the base airs are mismatched or some of the base pairs undergo…
Q: How can mutations in noncoding segments of DNA contribute to the development of cancers?
A: The functions segment of hereditary material that mainly codes for the proteins is a gene. The…
Q: What is the role of regulatory gene mutations in cancer?
A: Regulatory genes are defined as genes which control or regulate the expression of one or multiple…
Q: Explain how our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has been used to develop new…
A: Hippocrates a Greek physician described cancer as ulcer-forming and non-ulcer-forming carcinoma,…
Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…
A: induced pluripotent stem cells are the type of stem cells that are produced from the somatic cells…
Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…
A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…
Q: What is the purpose of gene regulation? A. producing products that are needed in the cell at that…
A: Introduction A gene is a basic unit of heredity that encodes the production of a gene product, such…
Q: Imagine you have used cBioportal and breast cancer patient datasets and identified a…
A: Introduction :- Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled and un-regulated proliferation of cells , due…
Q: Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.
A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.
Could a gene be involved in the growth of both stem cells and some kinds of cancer? Explain your answer.
in stem cells we have an important class of genes called proto-oncogenes [PO] with are necessary for the proliferation and apoptosis of faulty cells.
when such genes become mutated they become oncogenes which are responsible for transforming the stem cell to cancer stem cells. these cells are capable of metastasis and reactivation of tumours in cured patients
along with PO, tumour suppressor genes are also required to ensure that the stem cell does not undergo uncontrolled proliferation on an oncogene is made by mutations
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- Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation) is one of the most effective current cancer treatments. It works by damaging DNA and other cellular components. In which ways could radiotherapy control or cure cancer, and why does radiotherapy often have significant side effects?What separates cancer cells from normal cells? Describe one form of mutation that can increase the risk of a normal cell being cancerous.Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Please list item by item. Explain in detail the main findings.
- Can we treat cancer by restoring tumor suppressor function such as mutated p53 or pRb? If so, how can this be?Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Please explain in detailsWhy is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Explain in detail the main findings. Please sort as a list.
- The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for several genes. Discuss an example of a specific gene that is activated by p53 and how this gene activation will lead to a pause in the cell cycle for DNA repair to take place.What is cancer? What defects are commonly found in cancer cells? Do all cancer cells have mutations in the same genes? Explain.Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work. Do you think the cancer-causinggenes that responded to the demethylation are likely to have beenoncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes? Explain your reasoning.
- How might stem cells be used to repair brain or heart damage, even though these cells do not undergo mitosis?New treatments for several conditions are being developed using stem cells in medical waste, such as biopsy material, teeth, menstrual blood, umbilical cords, and fatty tissue removed in liposuction. For example, fat samples from injured horses are used to grow stem cells to treat tendon injuries. Explain how the two defining characteristics of stem cells enable them to be used to replace damaged or diseased tissue, so that the new tissue functions as opposed to forming a scar.What are stem cells? Which stem cell treatment can form a benign tumor? Please explain how benign tumor can form from the stem cell therapy?