Describe the differences in the muscularis mucosa as you descend the esophagus and give the function of each structure.

Q: Answer the following: given bacterial cultures? Escherichia coli MR-Staphylococcus aureus:…

A: Antimicrobial products kill or slow the spread of microorganisms. Microorganisms include bacteria,…

Q: . Differentiation of the Spemann’s primary organizer requires which of the following?* a.…

A: Spemann’s primary organizer are the transplanted tissue of early gastrulas and its dorsal lip used…

Q: The obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens dies when exposed to air. What would…

A: Clostridium perfringens It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It is an anaerobic and…

Q: TRUE or FALSE: A lizard (an ectotherm) cannot maintain a near constant body temperature over the…

A: Lizard is a particularly long-bodied reptile with generally  pairs of legs and a tapering tail.…

Q: Please EXPLAIN the key difference(s) between Segregation (as described by Mendel) and Independent…

A: Mendelian inheritance was a type of biological inheritance was given in 1865 by great scientist…

Q: 3. For each of the disturbances found below this list, discuss the immediate and long-term effects…

A: Introduction The process of ecological succession shows how the structure of a biological community…

Q: A stickleback fossil may show no signs of pelvic structures. What are possible sources of error…

A: Introduction A study of stickleback fish reveals evolutionary secrets. Whales, snakes, some lizards,…

Q: Using  concept of flow-down gradients, explain the movement of glucose in and out of the nephron.

A: Introduction:-The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess…

Q: how does colchicine causes euploidy in onion root tip cells?

A: Variations in the number of chromosomes can be of two types as follows. 1. Aneuploidy: It involves…

Q: Supposing two strains of autotetraploid plants are available and their genotypes are as follows.…

A: Tetraploidy (four sets of chromosomes, 2n = 4x) is common in many plant species, and also occurs in…

Q: To determine: The information gained about the function of WDR62 from the DNA sequence of the normal…

A: Mutation: A mutation is an alteration or change that occurs in DNA. Mutagens are the agents that are…

Q: Outlining (as a business) production and technical risk limpading production Coming up with…

A: Production:Making or producing anything from components or raw materials, or the process of being…

Q: The following table indicates the blood plasma components of several patients. Urea Uric Acid…

A: Blood: Blood is a constantly circulating fluid that provides the body with nutrients, oxygen, and…

Q: please state Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment and  EXPLAIN

A: Gregor Johann Mendel, known as the Father of genetics was an Austrian monk. In 1856, he published…

Q: True or False.  Do single-stranded DNA strands stabilize other strands?

A: Introduction Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are two types of nucleic acids…

Q: MUTATION: Fill in the correct nucleotide base pairing and amino acid sequence of the mutated DNA…

A: Introduction A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can be caused by errors…

Q: 1.  Most land animals with exoskeletons are smaller than the volume of a mouse, and most vertebrates…

A: Insects are members of the phylum Arthropoda, which is the largest in the animal kingdom and…

Q: Digestion of proteins begins in the protein into a.stomach; amylase; HCl; amino acids b. mouth;…

A: The food consists of various nutrients. Nutrients are complex molecules that are broken down during…

Q: In your own words, explain the metabolism of amino acids.

A: Introduction :- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The building blocks of life are…

Q: Why are proteins important for cells? A - They are the main source for energy inside cells. B - They…

A: Proteins are large biomacromolecules that are made up of one or more amino acid chains. The…

Q: By choosing any 2 of the following topics/systems, discuss how does the animal and plant (name the…

A: Ans.. C. Respiratory system.

Q: Question: Why pseudoallelism occuring in organisms?

A: Pseudoallelism is a state in which two genes with similar functions are located so close to one…

Q: Discuss the importance of oxygen in this process of aerobic respiration.

A: Aerobic Respiration is the process of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen gas…

Q: Suggest key roles that mineralized bone might have played in early vertebrates.

A: Introduction :- A bone component called hydroxyapatite makes up nearly 70% of bone. The tissue is…

Q: 1. pointed structure? 2. What is #1 it made up of? 3. pointed structure? 4. significance of #3? 5.…

A: 1) Ectoderm of head 2) Ectoderm is the layer of skull and it differentiates to form epithelial and…

Q: The reason due to which the breeders practicing selective breeding failed to uncover the principle…

A: Selective breeding is defined in biology as a planned mating technique in which both or any of the…

Q: Mr Ojomu is a 42 year male of African origin.  He has a demanding desk-based job and frequently has…

A: Introduction Signals are sent from the brain to the rest of the body, including internal organs, via…

Q: Please DEFINE the alleles involved in this cross, using genetic notation consistent with the pattern…

A: Gene is the segment of DNA responsible for heredity. Two or more alternative forms of genes…

Q: Are Invasive Species All Bad?

A: Invasive species are the Exotic species which are introduced to a new habitat they have the ability…

Q: invertebrate

A: Invertebrates are species of animal that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived…

Q: A man with red hair (hh) reproduces with a heterozygotic woman (Hh). Does the woman have red hair?…

A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…

Q: An exponentially growing bacterial population increases its number from 103 to 1010 in 4.5 hours and…

A: 37 generations have gone by the end of the incubation.

Q: What defines each level of the biological hierarchy of organization

A: Taxonomical hierarchy can be defined as the process of arranging organisms on the basis of their…

Q: This is uncomplete

A: Environmental stress Any external factors that cause stress in the organisms are called…

Q: Fill in the boxes with the appropriate words to complete the process of gas exchange within the…

A: a. capillary b. Oxygen c. Carbon di oxide d. alveoli e. Red Blood cells

Q: Chemical X is a contaminant present in low quantities in drinking water. Its molecular size is abo…

A: Serum albumin is produced in the liver, dissolves in plasma, and is the most abundant blood protein…

Q: A measure of the productivity of photosynthesis is the rate of a. water production. b. heat…

A: d) Oxygen production .

Q: Say something about HARDY-WEINBERG Principle pertaining to population genetics. If both allele and…

A: The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that a population's genotype, allele frequency, and absence of…

Q: The possible genotype and phenotype of parents of a girl who has blood group O.

A: Genetics may be a branch of biological sciences that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity…

Q: Describe Cell Cycle in detail?

A: Introduction :- A cell cycle is a set of events that occur in a cell as it divides and grows. A cell…

Q: 5. Discuss the differences in plant diversity and explain how the changes affect the animal species…

A: Biodiversity: Biodiversity is rapidly dwindling over the world, and scientists agree that this will…

Q: a) Transport System b) Digestive System c) Respiratory System

A: Transportation in Plants Plants and animals, both being living things, have an arrangement of…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE Freshwater fish must deal with water constantly leaving their body while salts…

A: Fishes can be broadly into two categories based on the types of water they are found in. These are…

Q: Explain how the plantlet is regenerated using cuttings?

A: Cuttings of plant These are pieces of the plant that are used for asexual or vegetative…

Q: Among the relationships of volume, pressure and temperature of gas, which do you think explains why…

A: Introduction: Because the rib cage is not flexible and there is no musculature to move the ribs, the…

Q: A serious genetic disorder results in dwarfism of the condors. Although this might not have…

A: Gene is the segment of DNA responsible for heredity. Two or more alternative forms of genes…

Q: Column A 1. conidiospores 2. apothecia 3. plasmodium 4. basidiospores 5. quill wort 6. sunflower 7.…

A: Introduction In the world there are variety of species exist. They belong to various group of…

Q: what is a diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships between taxa called

A: Introduction Evolution:- It is the biological change in the characteristics of a species over…

Q: Give one lysis buffer that is commonly used for western blotting experiments and include its…

A: A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular…

Q: (c) Write short notes on what type of preparation is needed for a specimen in order to allow it to…

A: Samples must be small enough to fit in sample chamber Samples must be electrically conductive and…

Dissection

Dissection is the process of cutting up the tissue of a dead or live animal or plant, to do anatomical studies and surgical treatments. The purpose of dissection is to learn more about the overall structure of organs and organ systems and thereby understand the physiology of the organism.