Explain the mechanisms of the four types of fluorescence microscopy we discussed in lab: 1) GFP fusion proteins 2) immunofluorescence - direct and indirect, 3) mitotracker, and 4) phalloidin.
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- Which of the following is TRUE about immunofluorescence microscopy where we localize proteins using fluorescently tagged antibodies? Pick the best answer: We can use it to resolve 2 points that are 10 nanometers apart. The emission wavelength of the fluorophore is typically shorter than the excitation wavelength. The resolution can be further improved with increased magnification. All else being equal, a fluorophore that emits red light will give better resolution than a fluorophore that emits green light. Based on what we discussed in class, we can use the technique on live samples therefore enabling us to see the dynamic movement of cytosolic proteins in living cells. None of the aboveIn your opinion, for efficient multiphoton excited fluorescence microscopy, would it be better to use a 100 fs 80 MHz laser pulse train or a 200 fs 80 MHz laser pulse train for imaging biological samples? Please explain your answer using equations 1 and 2 <I(t)2> = gP <I(t)>2 / (Rτ) ..............equa (1) τout = τin (1 + 7.68(D/τ2in)2) 1⁄2 ................equa (2) D is the total dispersion in femtoseconds squared gp is a unitless factor that depends on the temporal laser pulse shape (0.66 for a Gaussian pulse shape), τ is the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of time average valueWhat is the difference and compare the light source and path of light of a immunofluorescence microscope from a compound light microscope?
- Explain the usage of photoactivated localization microscopy technique.a) Briefly describe the concept of and instrument configuration for confocal microscopy. b) How do confocal and conventional microscopy compare? c) What other microscopy techniques can provide super-resolution?explain the Immunofluorescence Staining Protocol (briefly explain purpose of each step)?
- explain how the following genotypic andphenotypic methods of microbe identification is done. Use diagrams or schematic representations to explain yourwork. (1) Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)(2) Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)(3) Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)(4) Gram Staining(5) Biochemical Reactions: Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique(6) Biochemical Reactions: IMViC TestWhat properties in microorganisms were researchers at SINTEF and NTNU looking for? What made them select Micrococcus luteus as a candidate organism? Describe the steps involved in genetic engineering, prior to commercial production of the potential `UVAblue’ sunscreen. What damage do long wave UV radiations induce in human cells?Does TGF-β treatment cause cells to grow more or less in the soft-agar assay? (a) More, (b) Less
- The diagram shows a simplified cross-section of a human body and an ultrasound transducer.. 1swog meipsib eru of epnetster ritiW a) Explain what happens to the ultrasound signal as it travels from the probe through the body. b) Sketch a graph showing how the intensity of the signal detected by the probe varies with time following the transmission of a pulse of ultrasound with the probe in this position4) What is the advantage of cryo-sectioning for antibody staining methods? 5) When preparing coverslips with cultured cells for immunofluorescence why is it necessary to coat coverslips with poly-L-lysine or gelatin?What is indirect immunofluorescence microscopy?