In a silicon lattice, where should you look if you want to find (a) a conduction electron, (b) a valence electron, and (c) an electron associated with the 2p subshell of the isolated silicon atom?
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In a silicon lattice, where should you look if you want to find
(a) a
associated with the 2p subshell of the isolated silicon atom?
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- Silicon is doped with 3×1018 arsenic atoms/cm3 and 8 × 1018 boron atoms/cm3. (a) Is this n- or p-type silicon? (b) What are the hole and electron concentrations at room temperature?Phosphorus (P) is present in a germanium (Ge) sample. Assume that one of its five valence electrons revolves in a Bohr orbit around each P+ ion in the Ge lattice. (a) If the effective mass of the electron is 0.17 me and the dielectric constant of Ge is 16, find the radius of the first Bohr orbit of the electron. (b) Ge has a band gap (Eg) of 0.65 eV. How does the ionization energy of the above electron comparing to Eg and kBT at room temperature?The gap between valence and conduction bands in silicon is 1.12 eV. A nickel nucleus in an excited state emits a gamma-ray photon with wavelength 9.31 * 10-4 nm. How many electrons can be excited from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band by the absorption of this gamma ray?
- Calculate the radius of a nickel atom in cm, given that Ni has an FCC crystal structure, a density of 7.982 g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 58.69 g/mol.An isolated zinc atom has a ground-state electron configuration of filled 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 4s subshells. How can zinc be a conductor if its valence subshell is full?When a photon enters the depletion zone of a p-n junction, the photon can scatter from the valence electrons there, transferring part of its energy to each electron, which then jumps to the conduction band. Thus, the photon creates electron–hole pairs. For this reason, the junctions are often used as light detectors, especially in the x-ray and gamma-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Suppose a single 662 keV gamma-ray photon transfers its energy to electrons in multiple scattering events inside a semiconductor with an energy gap of 1.1 eV, until all the energy is transferred. Assuming that each electron jumps the gap from the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band, find the number of electron – hole pairs created by the process.
- The gap between valence and conduction bands in diamond is 5.47 eV. (a) What is the maximum wavelength of a photon that can excite an electron from the top of the valence band into the conduction band? In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this photon lie? (b) Explain why pure diamond is transparent and colorless. (c) Most gem diamonds have a yellow color. Explain how impurities in the diamond can cause this color.Assume that the mobility of electrons in silicon at T = 300 K is µ= 1300 cm²/V-s. Also assume that the mobility is mainly limited by lattice scattering. Determine the electron mobility(cm:/V-s) at T= 400 K. !! 484 864 854 844For silicon the conduction band minimum is located at 0.49 Å-1 in the [100] direction (X is the Brillouin zone at H00), while the valence band maximum is located at the Γ point (k = 0).a) What is the wavelength and energy of photons needed to supply the required momentum to excite an electron from the Γ point to the conduction band minimum? b) What is the wavelength of photons needed to supply the required energy to excite an electron from the Γ point to the conduction band minimum?c) What limits optical absorption in silicon at photon energies near the band gap?
- The elements A and B crystallize in bcc and fcc structures, respectively. Suppose that (i) the crystals of A and B have the same density, and (ii) the nearest-neighbor distances in these crystals are equal. Calculate the ratio MA/MB, where MA and MB denote the masses of the A and B atoms, respectively.Body-centered cubic structure. (a) Show that for BCC the lattice length a in terms of the atomic radius is 4R/√3. (b) Calculate the volume of a BCC unit cell in terms of the atomic radius R. (c) Show that the atomic packing factor for the BCC crystal structure is 0.68.Nickel (fcc) has the lattice parameter of 3.52 A° . calculate the atomic planar density ( number of atoms per unit area) on (100),(110), and (111) planes. Is it possible to pack the atoms more closely than in (111) plane?