Q: In a skeletal muscle cell what is the result of lipid intake when PPAR gamma is not present?
A: PPARG controls the storage of fatty acids and the metabolism of glucose. PPARG activates genes that…
Q: If lactic acid is the buildup product of strenuous muscle activity, why is sodium lactate often…
A: Lactic acid : it is a chemical byproduct of anaerobic respiration - the process by which cells…
Q: Researchers investigating the role of fat metabolism in diabetes generated PPAR peroxisome…
A: Knockout mice is a mice where a specific gene is turned off that is it is unable to form a desired…
Q: Which statement is true about GLUT1? GLUT1 transports glucose into erythrocytes against a…
A: Glucose transport is carried out by different transporters which are expressed in different forms in…
Q: is this stement false? Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows:…
A: No. This statement is not false.
Q: Bodybuilders have been known to inject insulin to increase muscle mass because it stimulates protein…
A: Insulin is a pancreatic peptide hormone used to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. It…
Q: How does the body maintain energy substrates to tissues during starvation using the liver, muscles…
A: The human body is made up of billions of smaller structures that are divided into four categories:…
Q: what type of glucose transport protein is found in pancreatic beta cells? SGLUT-1 GLUT-2 GLUT-3…
A: Glucose transporter (GLUT) is a facilitative transport protein involved in glucose translocation…
Q: What accounts for the fact that liver phosphorylase is a glucose sensor, whereas muscle…
A: Glycogen phosphorylase breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. The liver is the site for the…
Q: The amount and composition of dietary fat are important factors for influencing blood lipid…
A: Dietary fiber can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by: binding cholesterol and bile acids in…
Q: Discuss that, what happens when Gαq proteins are stimulated?
A: We can say the proteins are the Ultimate player of gene expressions. Gɑq alpha proteins are…
Q: Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose6-phosphate, 1.0 mM;…
A: The process of glycolysis runs in the muscle cells, in which fructose-6 phosphate (F6P) is converted…
Q: Individuals with McArdle’s disease often experience a “second wind” resulting from cardiovascular…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose into a form that the cell…
Q: Name the four major marcomolecules with their subunits.
A: The macromolecules are the biopolymers and large non-polymeric molecules present in the biological…
Q: Several enzymes, for example, hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase, can bind to lipoproteins. There…
A: Enzymes are the proteinaceous substances that catalyse a biochemical reaction, they increase the…
Q: Write the equation for the hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol composed of stearic acid, oleic acid, and…
A: Lipases are enzymes that help digest lipids in the small intestine. Pancreatic lipase is secreted by…
Q: What describes an action of activated G protein?
A: G-protein-coupled receptors contain a diverse group of membrane-bound signaling molecules. G-protein…
Q: What would be the effect on fatty acid synthesis of an increase in intramito- chondrial oxaloacetate…
A: An increase in the level of oxaloacetate would cause the oxaloacetate to be converted to acetyl-CoA,…
Q: 1) Draw a chromatogram depicting separation of proteins 1, 2, and 3 (protein #1, mw 30,000, protein…
A: The diagram of chromatograph is as follows-
Q: The intravenous infusion of fructose into healthy volunteers leads to a two- to fivefold increase in…
A: Fructose : It is a simple ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to…
Q: Digoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as…
A: Acetylcholine Is Released and Binds to Receptors on the Muscle Membrane. Open channels allow an…
Q: Would altering the unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio in tissues be easier to accomplish in…
A: Unsaturated fatty acids : Carbon chains contain one or more double bonds with a terminal carboxylic…
Q: Describe the production of dNTPs from their corresponding NDPs.
A: Nucleosides are a combination of a nitrogen base with pentose sugar. The nitrogen base combines with…
Q: What enzyme(s) control the total levels of cGMP in a cell? Is guanylyl cyclase one of the enzymes?
A: Cyclic GMP or cGMP is a second messenger molecule during the process of signal transduction.
Q: f a commercially available insulin preparation contains 1 ppm of proinsulin, how many micrograms of…
A: Glucose is a carbohydrate, which provides instant energy to the body for carrying out the various…
Q: Compare the localization of GLUT4 with that of GLUT2 and GLUT3, and explain why these localizations…
A: GLUT 4 is a type of glucose transporter. GLUT 4 transports glucose only when insulin is present.…
Q: Explain the mechanism by which statins lower “bad” cholesterol.
A: Lipoprotein can be defined as a biomolecule that is made up of fat droplets encircled by a…
Q: In the regulation of gluconeogenesis during fasting, which of the following decreases? a. Release…
A: The liver is an important metabolic organ that regulates the body's energy metabolism. It serves as…
Q: these are KT values. Which transporter that is a GLUT will transport glucose from blood which is 5nm…
A: Vmax is the maximum velocity that is the rate of reaction at which enzyme is saturated with…
Q: Phosphotidylcholine is a structural lipid in the liver plasma membrane that is essential for the…
A: Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of cell membranes and pulmonary surfactant, with the most…
Q: In large groups of muscles, such as the quadriceps, anatomical regions may be designated as surface…
A: There are seven types of muscle fibbers based on their twitching ability, and they are: I (Slow…
Q: Which of the following glycerophospholid acts as a lipotropic agent?a) Cardiolipinb)…
A: Glycerophospholipids are phospholipid molecules consisting of a glycerol molecule linked to fatty…
Q: Describe why lactic acid is produced during a prolonged strenuous activity
A: Lactic acid is a three-carbon hydroxy acid. Promotion of lactic acid in the circulation may occur…
Q: How many fresh pig carcasses would you need to produce 3 kg of insulin?
A: 139405.20g fresh pig caresses would you need to produce 3kg of insulin. See the calculation below-
Q: During stressful situations, some cells in the body convertglycogen to glucose. What effect does…
A: Stress is any physical or environmental pressure that elicits a response from an organism. The…
Q: In response to epinephrine for the "fight or flight" response, there is INCREASED activity of PEP…
A: Epinephrine is a peptide hormone, secreted from the adrenal gland present above the kidney, it…
Q: Over what pH range are trypsin and chymotrypsin active and does this reflect their working…
A:
Q: Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM;…
A: Given Information: [Fructose-6-phosphate] = 1 mM [Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate] = 10 mM [AMP] = 0.1 mM…
Q: Digoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as…
A: The glucose uptake by cells are depends on different mechanisms like facilitated diffusion and…
Q: Serum concentrations of acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate increase dramatically after a 3-day fast…
A: Acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate are called ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are…
Q: Pancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to…
A: Fatty acids are defined as the molecules that are long and elongated chains of lipid-carboxylic acid…
Q: Leptin inhibits eating and is secreted in amounts in direct proportion to body fat. Moreover, obese…
A: Leptin is a substance that is produced by the fat cells of the body. Leptin is also called the…
Q: Why is liver used as a source of glycogen in experiments even that there is a greater percentage of…
A: Glucose is the primary source of energy for body cells. Soon after a meal, the glucose absorbed by…
In a skeletal muscle cell what is the result of lipid intake when PPAR gamma is not present? (In simple terms)
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Since ancient times it has been observed that certain game birds, such as grouse, quail, and pheasants, are easily fatigued. The Greek historian Xenophon wrote: “The bustards . . . can be caught if one is quick in starting them up, for they will fly only a short distance, like partridges, and soon tire; and their flesh is delicious.” The flight muscles of game birds rely almost entirely on the use of glucose 1-phosphate for energy, in the form of ATP . The glucose 1-phosphate is formed by the breakdown of stored muscle glycogen, catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. The rate of ATP production is limited by the rate at which glycogen can be broken down. During a “panic flight,” the game bird’s rate ofglycogen breakdown is quite high, approximately 120 mmol/min of glucose 1-phosphate produced per gram of fresh tissue. Given that the flight muscles usually contain about 0.35% glycogen by weight, calculate how long a game bird can fly. (Assume the average molecular weight of a…Marathon runners often practice "carb loading" prior to a race. The purpose of this practice is to increase the stores of energy available for muscles to use. Explain how energy is used by muscle fibers and how this practice of "card loading" benefits the runner's muscles. Be sure to use the terms glucose, glycogen, creatine, phosphate, and ATP in the explanation.What is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate when glucose 1- phosphate is the product of the phosphorylase reaction?
- One of the toxins produced by Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax) is known as EF, or edema factor (edema is the abnormal buildup of extracellular fluid). EF, which enters mammalian host cells, is a calmodulin- activated adenylate cyclase. Explain how this toxin causes edema.Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic diseases with the common symptom of an inability to transport glucose into target cells (muscle cells and adipocytes). The body compensates in part by degrading muscle protein to generate energy. Explain how this process works.Individuals with McArdle’s disease often experience a “second wind” resulting from cardiovascular adjustments that allow glucose mobilized from liver glycogen to fuel muscle contraction. Explain why the amount of ATP derived in the muscle from circulating glucose is less than the amount of ATP that would be obtained by mobilizing the same amount of glucose from muscle glycogen.
- The interconverison of DHAP and GAP greatly favors the formation of DHAP at equilibirum. Yet the conversion of DHAP by triose phosphate isomerase proceeds readily. Why?Hello, i would like an easy to understand diagram of the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of the skeletal muscle. Can you also explain step by step what is happening in the diagram and give the reference of the diagram (website it was taken from or textbook it was taken from ). thanksMuscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
- Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. For this purpose, new biosensors, applied like a temporary tattoo to the skin, were developed and can alert endurance athletes that they are about to "hit the wall" and will find it difficult to continue exercising. These biosensors monitor lactate present in sweat during strenuous exercise. Propose a hypothesis to explain how lactate can be used as an indicator of exercise capacity.In an individual with very low blood pressure orcirculatory shock, blood flow to the cells is very poor,resulting in increased lactic acid. Briefly describe thecompensations that will take place.Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause glycogen to be full of short, stubby branches compared to normally structure glycogen in the affected organ? Explain. Muscle branching enzyme Liver debranching enzyme Muscle phosphorylase Liver glycogen synthase Glycogenin
