In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP. Assuming that the AG for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing in the chloroplast is about –50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent ef- ficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?
Q: Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change…
A: ADP + Pi → ATP G= + 30.66 KJ /mol By the electron transport chain, NADH reoxidation has a free…
Q: For the transfer of electrons from NADH to spinach ferredoxin iron determine the AEo'. Is this a…
A: It is a photochemical reaction involving mainly b Iron containing sulfur compounds…
Q: If the light-independent reaction can run without light, why does oxygen production (and presumably…
A: Introduction: The process of photosynthesis occurs in two stages, the first phase is called the…
Q: Oxygen gas is a by-product of non-cyclic electron flow. How/why is it produced? Would a…
A: Photosynthesis It is the process used by plants to convert light energy from sunlight to chemical…
Q: How do pH, Mg2+, and ferredoxin link the light reactions with control of the Calvin cycle?
A: In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside…
Q: If photosynthesizing plants are grown in thepresence of 14CO2, is every carbon atom of the glucose…
A: The net reaction in photosynthesis is the reaction of six molecules of carbon dioxide to form one…
Q: Identify the oxidized and reduced forms of the following pairs: O2/H2O NO2- / NO3- NADP+ / NADPH…
A: An oxidation-reduction reaction is a chemical reaction in which a molecule gain or loss their…
Q: Pyruvate oxidizes to form carbon dioxide and water and liberates energy at the rate of 1142.2…
A: The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer and is…
Q: a Assuming that the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P; in chloroplasts are 3.15 mM, 1.00 mM, and…
A: Gibb's Free energy is very useful in thermodynamic function for understanding enzymes in a chemical…
Q: What is implied about the energyrequirements of photosystems I and II by the fact that there is a…
A: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light…
Q: What is the percentage of this energy conserved in NADPH for the production of one mole of oxygen?…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC). NADH feeds in reducing equivalents at the beginning of the ETC,…
Q: Which of the following is not involved in cyclic cyclic photophosphorylation? Group of answer…
A: During photosynthesis the photoexcited electron that is energized by light passes from the primary…
Q: Explain why the chlorophylls in light-harvesting complexes must absorb light of shorter wavelength…
A: Both photosystems in the photosynthetic complex have many pigments collecting light energy. Along…
Q: What is the oxidative phosphorylation coefficient? indicate the oxidative phosphorylation…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the reaction in which electrons gets transferred from NADH or FADH2,…
Q: Explain why both starch synthesis and the activity of the Triose-P Phosphate translocator serve to…
A: Chloroplasts are organelles in plant and algal cells that perform photosynthesis, in which the…
Q: Which of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in some…
A: Which of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in some…
Q: It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclic photophosphorylation…
A: In cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons travel in a circular pattern. Whereas, in non-cyclic…
Q: . It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclic photophosphorylation…
A: Introduction: The way toward using light energy from photosynthesis to change ADP over to ATP is…
Q: Write the overall net reaction for photosyynthetic Co2 fixation. (Take into account both light and…
A: Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants and bacteria use the energy from sunlight…
Q: Describe the effect of photooxidation on the redox reactions summarized in the Z-scheme.
A: Photosynthesis is the process through which plants and some purple sulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria…
Q: The inhibitor X prevents coenzyme Q (Q) from participating in electron transfer in the electron…
A: The mitochondrion is a double membrane bound structure found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in…
Q: ATP is produced by chemiosmosis in photosynthesis". Identify where and how this chemical gradient is…
A: Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy…
Q: After one turn of the Calvin cycle in a C3 plant,where would you expect to find the radioactive…
A: The Calvin cycle (C3) is considered as the process which occurs in a plant that is used for the…
Q: Why does NADPH absorb light at 260 nm? At 340 nm?
A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. Since the second question is related to lab/experiment, I will be…
Q: What is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match…
A: CO2 uptake results in a decrease in entropy because CO gets fixed into a carbon skeleton by…
Q: Chloroplast ATP synthase contains 14 c subunits. How many protons must be translocated to the…
A: In the process of photosynthesis, the protons are pumped into the thylakoid lumen, which results in…
Q: In photosystem I, how can a proton gradient be formed during cyclic photophosphorylation?
A: Respiration occurs in all living creatures, including leaves and stems. It may be done at any time…
Q: Briefly explain the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis: where does this take place, what…
A: Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce…
Q: In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle…
A: Cyclic photophosphorylation is the process in which cycling of electrons occurs through a set of…
Q: Where does the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) take place?
A: Answer - In photosynthesis, a light-independent reaction takes place in plant chloroplasts.
Q: H218O is added to a suspension of chloroplasts capable of photosynthesis.Where does the label appear…
A: Photosynthesis is a vital process in primary producers, plants. Plants use light energy and carbon…
Q: . It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to non- cyclic photophosphorylation…
A: The Calvin cycle is the cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to fix carbon from carbon…
Q: What fraction of the energy of 700- nm light absorbed by photosystem I is trapped as highenergy…
A: Photosystem I is part of the photosynthetic light reaction. It uses light energy as the source for…
Q: How can a proton gradient be created in cyclic photophosphorylation in photosystem I ?
A: In the plant cells, photosystem I is considered an integral membrane protein complex to utilize the…
Q: Why is a hypotonic buffer used for the resuspension? 1.DCPIP passes easily across the intact…
A: The lysis of adherent and suspended cells is facilitated by the hypotonic buffer. The presence of…
Q: Even though very few cells in a C4 plant carry out the biosynthetic-Calvin pathway, yet they are…
A: C4 is a plant that can utilize carbon dioxide into four carbon sugar compounds in order to enter…
Q: In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle…
A: Calculating the E (total energy) produced by the 700 nm light: We know, E = h c/λ Where, h (Planck’s…
Q: What would be the effect on production of NADPH from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on…
A: The NADPH is produced due to electron transport in the light reaction of photosynthesis. At the…
Q: Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?…
A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question. Answer : Correct Option Is 3 (Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Is Converted…
Q: Which photosystem is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation?
A: Photosystem 1 is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation reaction.
Q: In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must bepassed through the cycle…
A: Calculating the E (total energy) produced by the 700 nm light: We know, E = h c/λ Where, h (Planck’s…
Q: In photosynthetic organisms that have two photosystems, a key reason to increase non-cyclic electron…
A: The light-dependent reactions use light energy for producing two molecules required for the next…
Q: Which of the following is CORRECT regarding cyclic photophosphorylation?
A: The correct option regarding cyclic photophosphorylation is - OCCURS WITH PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER.
Q: What fraction of the energy of 700-nm light absorbed by photosystem I is trapped as high-energy…
A: In the light reaction, both photosystems I and II are involved. The PS-II absorbs 680nm range light…
Q: would you expect an absorption spectrum graph of chlorophyll (green plant pigment involved in…
A: During propagation, light behaves as a wave and as it interacts with any matter it behaves as a…
Q: What is midpoint potential of redox active centers in photosynthetic organisms? What factors affect…
A: Note- as we are allowed to do only one question at a time. I'm posting answer of first question.…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must bepassed through the cycle to pump enough protons to generate one ATP.Assuming that the ∆G for hydrolysis of ATP under conditions existing inthe chloroplast is about -50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?In cyclic photophosphorylation, it is estimated that two electrons must be passed through the cycle to pump enough protons to gener- ate one ATP. Assuming that the AG for hydrolysis of ATP under con- ditions existing in the chloroplast is about –50 kJ/mol, what is the corresponding percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation, using light of 700 nm?Calculate (in kJ/mol) the energy that is required by the Rhodopseudomonas viridis photophosphorylation system to synthesize 3 ATP? (Assume that the R. viridis F1F-ATP synthase c-subunit rotor contains 12 c-subunits and that the R. viridis cytochrome b/c complex translocates 2 H/e". Also assume that the wavelength of lig! is 680 nm.) Number of photons required to synthesize 3 ATP = photons Energy = kJ/mol
- Cyclic photophosphorylation uses two photons to generate one ATP. If the AG of ATP hydrolysis is -50 kj/mol. What is the percent efficiency of cyclic photophosphorylation? F =96.5 kj/mol*V. Use c AG = -nFAV ⒸShow Transcribed Text to solve.When running cycle photophosphorylation and passaging electrons from PSI to two fully reduced PQH2s, how many photons would be necessary for the electrons to complete one cycle?For the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane separates the thylakoid lumen from the stroma; the protons from the photosystems are transported, like with the mitochondrial inner membrane, against the gradient from the lumen to the stroma. However, the pH(lumen) – pH (stroma) is much larger, about 3.4. Calculate delta psi (the electric potential) for the thylakoid membrane, given that ∆G of proton transport is about the same as for the mitochondrion. Then comment on its permeability to ions, compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane’s permeability to ions.
- It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. Ineach of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO2-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathwayIdentify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loopThe coenzyme NADP is the terminal electron acceptor in chloroplasts, according to the reaction 2 H₂O + 2 NADP+ 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O₂ Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, for this reaction at 25 °C. + Use an E'° of -0.324 V for NADP and 0.816 V for H₂O. K'eq = x10
- Thylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to equilibrate the pH. After 30 minutes, the thylakoids were transferred to a basic solution (pH 8) and kept in the dark. Will this system produce ATP? Explain. Will this system produce G3P? Explain.What is photophosphorylation by oxidative phosphorylation? Explain by comparison.Assume a pH gradient of 4.0 units across a thylakoid membrane, with the lumen more acidic than the stroma.What is the longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient, assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis and T = 25 °C?