Indicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED STATE. 1. Release of insulin 2. Release of glucagon 3. Glycolysis 4. Glycogenesis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipogenesis 7. Glycogenolysis 8. Lipolysis 9. Glucose release 10. Glucose uptake
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- Define Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. How GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS does reciprocally regulated in the body? Explain it.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is false. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA].In the absence of food consumption, the rate of gluconeogenesis (GNG) tends to increase. Explain why this occurs and describe the range of substrates for GNG as fasting continues beyond 18 hours. asap
- Glucose can be made from oxaloacetate during gluconeogenesis, but if oxaloacetate concentrations are decreased,what other substance can be used to make glucose? How might this contribute to increased fat loss?The fed state of metabolism involves: Increased insulin secretion Generation of ketones O Formation of glycogen Decreased lipogenesisIndicate the following where the tissue(s) for the metabolic pathway takes place: Glycogenesis Lipogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Gluconeogenesis
- An individual has a genetic deficiency that prevents the production of glucokinase. Following a carbohydrate meal, do you expect blood glucose levels to be high, low, or about normal? What organ accumulates glycogen under these circumstances?Using the following key terms, discuss the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin, glucagon, glycogen, glucose (low and high blood glucose), glycogen breakdown, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase1. Indicate the effect of insulin and glucagon on the following metabolic processes. Write INCREASE or DECREASE. INSULIN GLUCAGON Glycolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Protein synthesis Proteolysis Glucose uptake Glucose release 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 16. 6. 7. 17. 18. 9. 19. 10. 20. II. Indicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED STATE, 1. Release of insulin 2. Release of glucagon 3. Glycolysis 4. Glycogenesis 5. Gluconeogenesis 6. Lipogenesis 7. Glycogenolysis 8. Lipolysis 9. Glucose release 10. Glucose uptake
- A patient has a defective liver FBPase-2 enzyme, the enzyme that converts F2,6P into F6P. This enzyme is inactive. What effect would this have on the differential regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver cells? How would this affect a person's ability to respond appropriately to a low blood sugar state? What about a high blood sugar state?The body doesn’t have a reserve of proteins or amino acids for energy production. Which class of protein may be used initially during fasting to maintain glucose and energy levels? What is the difference between a glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid and why are both important during fasting?you follow a carbohydrate-free diet, certain metabolic problems occur. Describe glucogenesis and the problems that may arise from this prolonged glucogenesis state.