Mitchell presented theoretical calculations to show how a reversible ATPase system located in a membrane could separate charges on the outside and inside of the membrane. Based on his calculations, he came up with the diagram in Figure 4. Questions 1. Based on the diagram, is the overall charge outside the membrane positive or negative? 2. Based on the diagram, is the overall charge inside the membrane positive or negative? 3. Which side of the membrane has a lower pH? 4. Which side of the membrane is more acidic? Inside (L) Membrane ОН' Outside (R) ADP-0 POH →H* ADP-O-P+ Figure 4. The original caption for this figure in Mitchell (1961) reads: "Fig. 1. Anisotropic reversible ATPase' system located in an ion-impermeable membrane between aqueous phases L and R." Credit: Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature 1961.

Mitchell presented theoretical calculations to show how a reversible ATPase system located in a membrane could separate charges on the outside and inside of the membrane. Based on his calculations, he came up with the diagram in Figure 4. Questions 1. Based on the diagram, is the overall charge outside the membrane positive or negative? 2. Based on the diagram, is the overall charge inside the membrane positive or negative? 3. Which side of the membrane has a lower pH? 4. Which side of the membrane is more acidic? Inside (L) Membrane ОН' Outside (R) ADP-0 POH →H* ADP-O-P+ Figure 4. The original caption for this figure in Mitchell (1961) reads: "Fig. 1. Anisotropic reversible ATPase' system located in an ion-impermeable membrane between aqueous phases L and R." Credit: Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature 1961.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL: Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of...

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A student put together the experimental setup up shown. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to both types of solute molecules shown. A. Describe the movement of the C molecules on side A of the apparatus shown. What will happen to these molecules over time? B. Describe the movement of the D molecules on side A. What will happen to these molecules over time? C. Explain the following: Once equilibrium is reached in the apparatus shown, will the molecules continue to move? Explain your answer. Selectively permeable membrane Side A Side B 00 • Molecule C o Molecule D
Below are three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The primary active transport uses external chemical energy. b.The sodium-potassium pump which is an example of primary active transport is considered as the most important pump. c. In primary active transport, the energy is derived secondarily from energy that has been stored in the form of ionic concentration differences between the two sides of a membrane.
Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.
How do electroneutral co-transporters depend on the transmembrane potential? Select one: a. They depend on the transmembrane potential to some extent b. They are completely independent of the transmembrane potential c. They very slightly depend on the transmembrane potential d. They strongly depend on the transmembrane potential
Imagine a hypothetical cell with a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell thanoutside. Answer the following questions about this cell, assuming all transport acrossthe membrane is passive, not active.a. Can the glucose simply diffuse across the cell membrane? Why or why not?b. If there are glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, which way wouldglucose flow- into or out of the cell? Explain your answer.c. If the concentration of glucose was equal inside and outside of the cell, do you thinkthere would be a net flow of glucose across the cell membrane in one direction orthe other? Explain your answer.
given the perfect osmometer (plasma membrane bounded by perfectly rigid walls) inside the cell, the solute potential is 0 and the pressure potential is 0, outside the cell the water potential is also 0 you add a dilute salt solution that changes the osmotic potential of the solution to 0.3MPa 1. what is the approximate value of the solute potential and pressure potential inside the cell after the system has come to equilibrium? 2. why does the movement of relatively few water molecules across the plasma membrane of the osmometer have such a large effect in the value of pressure potential?
Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma (the noncellular part of blood). The concentration of water is equal in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the blood plasma. Explain this observation in terms of membrane permeability and transport mechanisms. Animal cells typically maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell via the Na+-K+ pump. The drug ouabain inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+ pump. A nerve cell is incubated in ouabain. Predict what will happen to the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the nerve cell as a result.
Suppose that the concentration of CI outside the cell is 100 and inside the cell is 10 mmol/liter. The Nernst equation at 20°C is: Eton = 58 millivolts/z- [10810 (m)] [lonlin You set the membrane voltage at 0 millivolts using a voltage clamp, and measure membrane current. If Cl is the only ion crossing the membrane, you would expect to see: Onegative charges flowing into the cell negative charges flow out of the cell 0 current the membrane hyperpolarizes (becomes more negative)
Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? O when the cell membrane is only permeable to 1 ion O when the concentrations of the ions are equal outside and inside of the cell when the cell membrane is equally permeable to all ions O when there is no charge on the membrane
Given these three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The primary active transport prepares the conditions of the membrane gradient by making the extracellular membrane have a less negative charge in the concentration gradient than the intracellular membrane. b. The primary active transport uses ATP while secondary transport helps replenish ATP. c. Both primary and secondary transport moves solutes against their concentration gradients.
Describe ONE modification that could happen to the phospholipids in a membrane that would increase the permeability of the membrane to small non-polar molecules such as oxygen gas. Explain why this modification would increase membrane permeability.
What is another way to answer this question Describe various examples of active transport. How is active transport different from passive transport? Without saying this: Active transport is when cells move against the flow/ concentration gradient, moving from low concentrations to high concentrations. Because of this, active transport requires ATP to work. Passive transport is different because it doesn't use much energy and moves from high concentration to a low concentration. Some examples of active transport are the Sodium-potassium pump ( the most well known one) where it takes sodium ions and pumps them outside of the membrane to let in potassium ions. Another one in plants is when a plant receives ions from the soil. The soil has a much lower concentration of ions than a plants root does, so ions have to move against the concentration gradient. Endocytosis and exocytosis are also forms of active transport. Where cells engulf its self around large molecules to bring…