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- More ratios. Through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, it is possible to determine the ratio between the protonated and deprotonated forms of buffers. (a) Suppose the ratio of [ A- ]A I to [HA] is determined to be 0.1 for a buffer with pKar6.0.pKa = 6.0. What is the pH? (b) For a different buffer, 91974 suppose the ratio of [ A- ]lA J to [HA] is determined to be 0.1 and the pHpH is 7.0. In this case, what is the pKapKa of the buffer? (c) For another buffer with pKa=7.5PKa = 7.5 at pH 8.0pH 8.0, what is the expected ratio of [ A- ][A ] to [HA]? doDraw the structure. Saccharide X occurs in the roots of several species of plants. Deduce the structure of saccharide x from the following data: 1. Acidic hydrolysis of 1 mol of stachyose yields 2 mol of D-galactose, 1 mol of D-glucose, and 1 mol of D-fructose. 2. Stachyose is a nonreducing sugar. 3. Treating stachyose with an a-galactosidase produces a mixture containing D-galactose, sucrose, and a nonreducing trisaccharide called raffinose. 4. Acidic hydrolysis of raffinose gives D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-galactose. Treating raffinose with an a-galactosidase yields D-galactose and sucrose. Treating raffinose with invertase (an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose) yields fructose and melibiose 5. Methylation of saccharide x followed by hydrolysis yields 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose, 2,3,4-tri-0-methyl-D-galactose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose, and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-fructose.Ionization State of Histidine.Each ionizable group of an amino acid can exist in one of two states, charged or neutral. The electric charge on the functional group is determined by the relationship between its pKa and the pH of the solution. This relationship is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. 1.Histidine has three ionizable functional groups. Write the equilibrium equations for its three ion-izationsand assign the proper pKa for each ionization. Draw the structure of histidine in each ionization state.What is the net charge on the histidine molecule in each ionization state? 2.Which structure drawn in (1) corresponds to theionization state of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and12?Note that the ionization state can be approximated by treating each ionizable group independently. 3.What is the net charge of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and 12? For each pH, will histidine migrate to-ward the anode (+) or cathode (-) when placed in an electric field?
- Peptide mass determination. You have isolated a proteinfrom the bacterium E. coli and seek to confirm its identityby trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry. Determinationof the masses of several peptide fragments has enabled youto deduce the identity of the protein. However, there is adiscrepancy with one of the peptide fragments, whichyou believe should have the sequence MLNSFK and an(M 1 H)1 value of 739.38. In your experiments, yourepeat edly obtain an (M 1 H)1 value of 767.38. What isthe cause of this discrepancy and what does it tell youabout the region of the protein from which this peptide isderived?Cyclic forms of D-glucose: Haworth formula The furanose and pyranose forms of D-glucose can be presented using Haworth formula. The following templates are used for this formula. Note the numbering of the carbon atoms and the anomeric carbon (this carbon defines the alpha and beta isomer). Furanose template (furan) Pyranose template (pyran) anomeric carbon anomeric carbon Compare the Fisher and Haworth formula of D-glucofuranose and D-glucopyranose. Notice that the groups attached to C-1, C-2, and C-3 on the left side of the Fisher formula are written above the plane of the furanose template. Fisher formula Haworth formula H FOH H-2 HOH,č 5 -OH FOH- H HO-3H 4 он H 1 H-4 H-5 H OH 3 6 CH2OH H OH Alpha-D-glucofuranose Alpha-D-glucofuranose HOH2C- он OH но H FOH- OH Но H H. OH H ČH2OH Beta-D-glucofuranose Beta-D-glucofuranosePro-Ser-Ala-Phe-Glu. Draw this peptide at pH 7 and include its stereochemistry.
- Help please. MD ordered morphine SO4 gr 2/5 and the pharmacist has a stock solution of gr 1/8 per milliliter of morphine SO4. How many milliliters of the stock solution is required to fill the Rx?Thin Layer chromatography (TLC). Explain the biochemical principle behind the separation of carbohydrates molecules by TLC as performed in practical 5. Explain which properties molecules must have to travel a short and large distance, respectively. Ketohexose sugars can form 8 different stereoisomers. How many of those isomers can be distinguished and resolved by TLC as performed in the practical and why? no more than 100 words totalPeptides. 1. Draw the peptide Ala-Glu-Gly-Lys, as it would occur at physiological pH = 7.4. The R groups of Ala and Gly are not acidic or basic, therefore do not have a pka and the charge on these R groups is therefore independent of pH. Glu is acidic and Lys is basic, therefore the charge on these amino acids is pH dependent. The pKas are shown below. pKa N-term = 9.0 C-term = 3.5 Glu4.1 Lys = 10.5 2. Draw a circle around the peptide bonds. 3. Label the C-terminus and the N-terminus. 4. What is the overall charge on the peptide at pH 7.4?
- . Draw Haworth projections for the following: (a) CHO in a-furanose form. Name the sugar. H-C-OH | HO-C-H H-C-OH CH,OH (b) The L isomer of (a) (c) a-D-GlcNAc (d) a-D-FructofuranoseElodea cells. How can the observed differences be explained on the basis of the ether:water partition 9. Compare the penetration rates of the 3-carbon alcohols, n-propanol, propylene glycol, and glycerol, into coefficients? On the basis of molecular structure?a. Suppose that you have the peptide Ala-Gly-Tyr-His-Leu and you treat it with FDNB and then 6M HCl. Draw the structures of all the products that you will have in solution (assume all reactions to go to completion).