Over time, cancer cells are known to produce weakly antigenic variants of cell surface proteins. This will result in ----. protection of cells from the immune system increase in cancer cell death by the immune system Neither A nor B. It will make no difference. Therapeutic antibodies used in the treatment of cancer are targeted at proteins located On the cell surface of cancer cells. On the cell surface of normal cells. In the nucleus of cancer cells. In the cytoplasm of cancer cells. C and D.
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Over time, cancer cells are known to produce weakly antigenic variants of cell surface proteins. This will result in ----.
- protection of cells from the immune system
- increase in cancer cell death by the immune system
- Neither A nor B. It will make no difference.
Therapeutic antibodies used in the treatment of cancer are targeted at proteins located
- On the cell surface of cancer cells. On the cell surface of normal cells.
- In the nucleus of cancer cells.
- In the cytoplasm of cancer cells.
- C and D.
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- The head of the oncology divison of a large biotech company proposes to develop a therapeutic antibody to treat cancers with mutant B-Raf oncogene. Is this a good idea? Why or why not(limit 3-4 sentences)?One of the ways that we know what the RB protein does in cells is that its inactivation is a common priority of tumor-initiating viruses. What advantage would a virus gain by inactivating RB function in its host cell?Tumour associated macrophages (TAMS) represent up to 50% of cells in solid tumours. Explain how these cells contribute to immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment and how they help tumour cells to evade anti-tumour immune responses
- Defects in antigen receptor gene rearrangement can result in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency). Infants with RS-SCID (radiation-sensitive SCID) generally require treatment by bone marrow transplantation from a healthy donor. In this treatment, hematopoietic stem cells from the donor will give rise to normal B and T lymphocytes, thereby restoring normal immune function. However, the bone marrow transplantation treatment does not alter the high incidence of cancer in these patients. Why not?To study the immune responses that provide protection against tumor growth in mice, some investigations have used the EL4 mouse thymoma line. This tumor cell line was derived from a C57BL/6 mouse, and represents a type of T cell lymphoma. When transplanted into Rag-deficient mice, the mice rapidly succumb to the tumor. This is also the case when the mice receive wild-type C57BL/6 T cells the day before tumor cell injection. However, Rag-deficient mice were protected when the transferred T cells came from mice that lacked expression of one cytokine receptor, as shown in the fugure below. Name one likely candidate for the cytokine receptor that is knocked out in the T cells that are able to protect the mice.Regarding chronic disease prevention, match each term with the phrase that best describes it Molecule produced by innate immune cells that is involved in maintaining chronic inflammation A protein produced by the liver that is a frequently used marker of chronic inflammation The degree to which a certain food elevates blood glucose after it's eaten A small molecule that can bind to histones and DNA, frequently with the result of gene silencing An enzyme that rebuilds the end caps of chromosomes after each cell division, thus prolonging the life of the cell [Choose ] [Choose] Interleukin-6 TNF-alpha Methyl Tag Glycemic Load C Reactive Protein Glycemic Index Telomerase [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ]
- You are interested in performing indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy to observe the localization of the catalase enzyme in the cultured HeLa cells, obtained historically from the cervical tumor of Henrietta Lacks. You were going through the lab stock and found a few primary and secondary antibodies. Which of the following secondary antibody can you use in your experiments? O All of the mentioned antibodies can be used in the experiment Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to 10 nm gold Goat-anti-human catalase conjugated to 10 nm gold O Human anti-catalase antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamine Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamineNeutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0This is a blank question. Thank you in advance, Bloom Syndrome Bloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is characterized by short stature and a long narrow face with prominent nose and ears. There is also increased sensitivity to light. People who have the disorder often develop rashes on their face, forearms, and hands when they have been exposed to the sun. In addition, these people often suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and have a higher chance of developing cancer. The cause of this genetic disorder is a mutation in the BLM gene located on chromosome 15. The immediate effect of this mutation is that there is a defect in the functioning of the DNA helicase enzyme. What would be the effect of this mutation on DNA replication? What stage of the cell cycle would be most affected?
- "In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.A mutant B cell line is examined by confocal microscopy after incubation with a microbial pathogen recognized by the BCR on these B cells. The B cells have been stained with antibodies to visualize the localization of polymerized actin and microtubules. As a control, wild-type B cells are examined. The results are shown in the figure below, with the numbers indicating the proportion of cells examined that show each pattern of staining. To identify the specific signaling defect in these mutant B cells, a reasonable biochemical assay would be to: Determine if BCR stimulation of mutant B cells produces enhanced binding of the B cell to the microbe Determine whether the mutant B cells have reduced levels of the enzyme Protein kinase C-q Determine whether the mutant B cells are overexpressing the enzyme Vav Determine whether BCR stimulation of mutant B cells promotes exchange of GDP for GTP on cdc42 Determine whether BCR stimulation of mutant B cells produces increased levels of DAGOrder the listed proteins in the correct order so that cell proliferation is activated as the endpoint. 1. ERK1/2 2. MEK1/2 3. a MAPKKK 4. hepatocyte growth factor 5. c-MET 6. a GEF 7. Ras