Plasmodium is the most deadly parasite globally. There are nearly 250 million new cases of malaria diagnosed each year. Discuss at least two mechanisms that this parasite uses within its host(s) to persist, manipulate, and/or propogate.
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Plasmodium is the most deadly
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- Assuming you have been posted to a community where malaria is very endemic. There is a high rate of absenteeism among your students due to incidents of malaria. As part of your community engagement explain how you would educate on malaria prevention taking the following into consideration:a) Name of the vector and the species of the parasite that cause the diseases in Africa; b) Two chemical and two biological ways of reducing the population of mosquitoes; c) Two in-house measures to prevent mosquitoes bite;d) The stages in the life cycle of the mosquito;e) The names of three African countries that participated in the trial of malarial vaccine.Explain how each of the following could lead to the reemergence of malaria in the United States: (a) global warming, (b) increased travel of individuals from endemic regions to the United States, (c) increased immigration of individuals from endemic regions to the United States, and (d) laws protecting wetlands. Please simple to understand and original answer. Thanks :)According to the recent malaria report of the Department of Health, Disease and Prevention Bureau (2022), there are 4, 251 confirmed cases of malaria in the Philippines and majority of the cases are due to Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum life cycle includes gametocytes that will aid the parasite to reproduce sexually in its anopheline vectors. Examine Figure 2 below. Provide three (3) qualitative descriptions of the P. falciparum gametocyte. Write your answers in a complete sentence. Fig. 2.. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte in thin blood smear (CDC, 2022)
- One of the most characteristic symptoms of malaria is the alternation of attacks (involving a cold phase, a hot phase, and a sweating phase) with periods of 1 or 2 days of no or few fevers. Given the life cycle of Plasmodium what is the best explanation for this pattern: When free in the blood, merozoites release chemicals that directly cause body responses. Merozoites appear in coordinated “waves”, which explains the cycling attacks Merozoites entering the red blood cells generate a strong response from the red blood cells, which stimulates a massive immune response Attack phase correlates with simultaneous bursting of infected red blood cells, releasing thousands or millions of merozoites. This triggers massive immune response, resulting in symptoms Plasmodium generates a constant accumulation of irritants in the blood, mostly residues from digesting hemoglobin . Once the amount reaches a critical level, these trigger a massive immune responseIn 2021 there were an estimated 247 million new malaria cases in 85 malaria-endemic countries with at least 619,000 deaths, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitoes. This is an example of: Vehicle transmission Droplet transmission Vector transmission Aerosol transmission Direct contact transmissionOutline the general life cycle of malarial organisms. What explains the resurgence of malaria in recent years?
- A 5 year-old child was playing in their backyard. Suddenly, the child felt itchiness in his skin and began to scratch his body. Based on laboratory results, it was confirmed that the child was infected with hookworm. Answer the following questions: What possible mode of transmission the parasite has been acquired? Explain why. List all possible effects of parasite on the host. Explain each.Discuss the Life cycle of malarial ParasitesCompare and contrast malaria and babesiosis based on their life cycles, causative agents, hosts, vectors,and treatments.
- Write at least one paragraph about the prevention and control of the following parasites: EXAMPLE: Entamoeba histolytica (fecal-oral route of transmission). Plasmodium spp. (transmitted by vector bite). Enterovirus vermicularis (fecal-oral route and autoinfection) Schistosoma haematobium (Skin penetration after water contact) Taenia seginata (ingestion of contaminated food) Ancylostoma duodenale (skin contact with soil)Even though genetically engineered mosquitoes might be developed that do not allow the reproduction of malaria protozoa, these mosquitoes would have little, if any, immediate effect on the spread of the disease. Why should this be so? What would have to happen for these mosquitoes to significantly affect the spread of malaria?In terms of geographical distribution, are parasitic flagellates (e.g., Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania tropica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas) cosmopolitan or localized? Explain Discuss the relationship between vector distribution of some parasites and their vectors, if any? Do they exhibit vector specificity?