Samuel Dexter is a 52-year-old African-American man who is both a husband and father. He is moderately obese (BMI of 32), and has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for the past years. He awakes one morning with weakness on his right side. He is a bit confused, sees double, and his speech is slurred. When he attempts to walk to the bathroom, he stumbles a few times and falls once. His wife suspects that he has suffered a stroke and calls 911. Emergency personnel arrive within minutes of her call and transport Samuel to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Upon examination by the emergency room physician, Samuel is found to have right hemiparesis and diminished pinprick and two-point discrimination on the right side of his head and arm. His deep tendon reflexes are brisk on the right and there is a positive Babinski reflex on the right. He has difficulty articulating answers to the questions he is asked, speaking only a few words and frequently responding with just a verb or a noun. His ability to respond to complicated verbal commands, whether spoken or written, is not impaired. In addition, his systemic blood pressure was found to be 160/100. A serum lipid profile was performed, and the results are shown in the table below. Table 1. Serum Lipid Profile Results Triglycerides 220 mg/dl Total Cholesterol 280 mg/dl LDL 210 mg/dl HDL 30 mg/dl 1.) What do the terms ipsilateral and contralateral mean as applied to the functionality of the nervous system? 2.) Based on the evidence provided, what specific area(s) of Samuel’s brain have been damaged as a result of his stroke?
Samuel Dexter is a 52-year-old African-American man who is both a husband and father. He is moderately obese (BMI of 32), and has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for the past years. He awakes one morning with weakness on his right side. He is a bit confused, sees double, and his speech is slurred. When he attempts to walk to the bathroom, he stumbles a few times and falls once. His wife suspects that he has suffered a stroke and calls 911. Emergency personnel arrive within minutes of her call and transport Samuel to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.
Upon examination by the emergency room physician, Samuel is found to have right hemiparesis and diminished pinprick and two-point discrimination on the right side of his head and arm. His deep tendon reflexes are brisk on the right and there is a positive Babinski reflex on the right. He has difficulty articulating answers to the questions he is asked, speaking only a few words and frequently responding with just a verb or a noun. His ability to respond to complicated verbal commands, whether spoken or written, is not impaired. In addition, his systemic blood pressure was found to be 160/100. A serum lipid profile was performed, and the results are shown in the table below.
Table 1. Serum Lipid Profile Results
Triglycerides 220 mg/dl
Total Cholesterol 280 mg/dl
LDL 210 mg/dl
HDL 30 mg/dl
1.) What do the terms ipsilateral and contralateral mean as applied to the functionality of the nervous system?
2.) Based on the evidence provided, what specific area(s) of Samuel’s brain have been damaged as a result of his stroke?
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