Studies have shown an increase in mortality when patients experiencing an acute episode of congestive heart failure are administered diuretics. Common loop diuretics include _____________ and _____________.
Q: Describe the cellular mechanism that allow for reabsorption and/or secretion in the proximal…
A: Tubular reabsorption is defined as the process that moves solutes along with water out of the…
Q: he main function of the long nephron loops is to ______. help maintain a constant solute…
A: loop of Henle is mostly present in the medulla and only a small portion of the thick ascending limb…
Q: what is diuretic classification in scientific terms and how to explain in simplified words?
A: Diuretic: A sort of medication which causes the kidneys to pass on more urine. Diuretics assist the…
Q: Choose the most appropriate answer. Potassium excretion is regulated by... Multiple Choice 1.…
A: Urine formation process includes different steps such as glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption…
Q: If the glomerular filtration rate is too high: A) Needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly…
A: Good kidneys avoid the buildup of squanders and additional liquid in the body and adjust the salts…
Q: The image for activity below reinforces the location of glucose transports within the epithelial…
A: correct answer is ABC Mainly glucose transport through glomerular capillaries and goes via bowman…
Q: Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron. a. proximal convoluted tubule b.…
A: Excretion is the process of eliminating metabolic waste from the body. Kidneys are the major…
Q: Excretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is associated best witha. the glomerular capsule.b. the…
A: The kidneys are the bean-shaped organs present below the ribs. They help in the excretion of waste…
Q: The first step in making urine is the formation of filtrate. Explain how this step occurs. explain:…
A: Kidneys are the bean shaped organs that play various homeostatic function in the body. The primary…
Q: Which of the following is false about water reabsorption at the kidneys: a). Water is actively…
A: Water absorption mainly occur in Proximal Convulated tuble (PCT) of nephron. About 67 percent of the…
Q: The ______ is responsible for the reabsorption of the majority of the electrolytes, water, glucose,…
A: Need to find which of the following is correct from the given options.
Q: Which of the following would you do in order to increase the concentration of your urine? Select all…
A: The nephron is a structural and functional tissue unit of the excretory system. There are about…
Q: ater reabsorption occurs in the following parts of the nephron, except
A: The purification of blood is carried out with the help of a pair of kidneys in human body. The…
Q: Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? a elimination of urine b filtration of…
A: Kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organ. Kidneys help in removal of waste products from body.
Q: Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine…
A: The nephrons are microscopic structures and are the structural unit of the kidney that are…
Q: Which of the following structures is found ONLY in the medulla of the kidney Group of answer choices…
A: NEPHRON Each kidney has nearly one million complex tubular structures called nephrons which are…
Q: When blood plasma pH gets too low kidneys can produce more HCO3- because: Multiple Choice more…
A: The kidneys are the filtration organs of the body that filter the blood and reabsorb the ions, water…
Q: Which of the following are functions of the kidneys? i) To control blood pH ii) To excrete metabolic…
A: INTRODUCTION Kidneys are the bean shaped organs that helps in excretion of toxic substances from our…
Q: Which of the following is incorrectly matched? PCT - facilitated diffusion of glucose descending…
A:
Q: The filtration units in the human kidney are known as .
A: The excretory system of human consist of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one…
Q: Place the following 10 steps to describe the formation of urine in the correct order. 1. Blood is…
A: The urinary or excretory system is one of the most important organ systems. It works to clear the…
Q: . Which of the followings is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? A. Cl– is…
A: No, chloride is not absorbed through the chloride channels of cells of the thick segment of loop of…
Q: Which of the following regarding diuretics is false? Diuretics reduce the movement of water out of…
A: Our kidney play an important role in excretion. some of them are as follows : 1. Getting rid of any…
Q: Although the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, they also help control blood…
A: The kidney is composed of basic units that correspond to its structure and function known as the…
Q: What disease state might necessitate the use of diuretics over another? Give an example
A: Diuretics, now and again called water pills, assist with freeing your collection of salt (sodium)…
Q: where the substances which are still needec 25. The blood is filtered in the by the body found in…
A: The cells form tissues which comprise the organs. Organs having similar functions form an organ…
Q: Substance X shows that it is with 0 ml/min of renal clearance. What does it imply? A. Substance X is…
A: Question is related to Nursing pharmacology. In this question asked about meaning of Renal…
Q: In the presence of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which of the following does NOT occur? O Aquaporins…
A: Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the resorption of water by the distal…
Q: Which of the following individuals will benefit the MOST from consuming a sports beverage? A.…
A: Water, carbohydrates, minor quantities of minerals like salt and potassium, and occasionally other…
Q: Which of the following substances does the body normallyretain? Which does it normally excrete? (1)…
A: Introduction: The kidney is one of the body organ which secretes waste products from our body. Waste…
Q: A patient arrives in the ER after suffering a fall from a third floor window. He has multiple…
A: Glomerular filtration pressure is the sum of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure. A proper solute…
Q: Diuretics cause sodium excretion. Sodium follows water. Therefore, diuretics lead to a reduction in…
A: In this question asked about indication and contraindications of diuretics. It is related to…
Q: Which of the following structures of nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?…
A: The hollow double-layered, cup-shaped, part of the renal corpuscle that holds the glomerulus is…
Q: The glomerulus _____. A) is a highly porous capillary bed B) wraps around the nephron and takes in…
A: Filteration in the kidney is an essential feature that allows the human body to function properly by…
Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT? OUric acid is the most abundant component found in the…
A: Glomerular filtrate is the fluid that passes through the capillary walls of the glomerulus and comes…
Q: "The majority of the nutrients, salt, and water that are filtered are reabsorbed in the _____."…
A: Need to find where the majority of the nutrients, salt, and water that are filtered are reabsorbed.
Q: Trace a drop of water through the urinary system, beginning with the plasma in the renal artery and…
A: GLOMERULAR FILTRATION/ ULTRAFILTRATION Glomerular filtration is the process by which the blood is…
Q: Glucose acts as a diuretic A) By inhibiting the release of antidiuretic hormone B) By inhibiting…
A: Need to find which of the following is correct from the following options.
Q: ADH is an hormone, made by the ____________of the brain, that regulate water reabsorption or…
A: ADH (Anti diuretic hormone) also known as Vasopressin is a peptide hormone made of the…
Q: Which of the following describes why a very low GFR is not beneficial? a. Too many substances…
A: It is a test used to find the performance of kidneys by estimating how much blood passes through the…
Q: Which of the following describes the glomerulus? i) It is composed of capillaries ii) It is…
A: NOTE: The options are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The nephron is the structural and functional…
Q: Most of the water reabsorption in the nephron is done by ? A) proximal tubules B) loop of henle…
A: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which functions in reabsorbing water and nutrients…
Q: Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does…
A: Under normal condition , upto 180g/day of glucose is filtered. Glucose is reabsorbed in proximal…
Q: If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 220 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in…
A: In renal physiology, Tm or Tmax refers to the transport maximum, a point at which the transport of…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system? * Filtration of wastes from…
A: ANS- Secretion of ADH from the collecting duct. (not a function of the excretory system)
Q: The renal (kidney) vascular system demonstrates another (our third!) portal system. Which of the…
A: * kidney has structural units called nephrons. * Nephrons constitutes kidney and function. * Each…
Q: High levels of bicarbonate ions in the urine indicate a) That the kidneys work to increase the pH…
A: Metabolic alkalosis is a condition that usually happens when the blood becomes highly alkaline or…
Q: Is this following statement correct? In the kidney, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole…
A: Afferent arteriole and efferent arterioles are the parts of nephron which is the structural and…
Q: When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low this causes ________. less of the water reaching…
A: ADH stands for antidiuretic hormone. It is secreted from the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
Q: Which of the following Does not describe the juxtaglomerular com Its granular cells produce rennin…
A: In kidney, juxtaglomerular compartment is the key regulator of the functions of each nephrone. It is…
- Studies have shown an increase in mortality when patients experiencing an acute episode of congestive heart failure are administered diuretics. Common loop diuretics include _____________ and _____________.
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- A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.A 68-year old woman presents with hypertension and oliguria. A CT of the abdomen reveals a hypoplastic left kidney. based on the following laboratory data which of the following is her estimated RPF? Renal artery p-amino hippuric acid (PAH) = 6mg/dL Renal vein PAH = 0.6mg/dL urinary PAH = 25mg/mL urine flow= 1.5mL/min hematocrit = 40%In renal tubular failure, serum levels of B2 microglobulin are decreased and urine levels are increased. True or False
- Table 3. Serum creatinine values at admission and after 12h Admission +12h SCR(mg/dL) 1.55 1.42 Using the “MDRD” (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation for estimating glomerularfiltration, provided below, and the data available in the above table, calculate the patient's (a 34 year old white male) estimated glomerularfiltration rate (eGFR) at admission and 12h after admission.MDRD GFR Equation (mL/min/1.73 m2)= 175 × (Scr)-1.154 × (Age)-0.203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American)Based on your calculated values, state whether LF’s function is normal or abnormal?Previous research suggests that patients with asthma have an increased risk for chronic kidneydisease, but the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are poorly understood. Propose one potential mechanism by which asthma might impair kidney function, and discuss how this dysfunction may impair thebody’s ability to respond to respiratory alkalosisFollowing surgery to correct a massive hemorrhage, a 55-year-old patient exhibits oliguria and edema. Blood test results indicate increasing azotemia and electrolyte imbalance. The glomerular filtration rate is 20 mL/min. Urinalysis results are as follows: COLOR: Yellow KETONES: Negative CLARITY: Cloudy BLOOD: Moderate GRAVITY: 1.010 BILIRUBIN: Negative pH: 7.0 UROBILINOGEN: Normal PROTEIN: 3+ NITRITE: Negative GLUCOSE: 2+ LEUKOCYTE: Negative Microscopic: 50–60 RBCs/hpf 2–3 granular casts/lpf 3–6 WBCs/hpf 2–3 RTE cell casts/lpf 3–4 RTE cells/hpf 0–1 waxy casts/lpf 0–1 broad granular casts/lpf What diagnosis do the patient’s history and laboratory results suggest? What is the most probable cause of the patient’s disorder? Is this considered to be of prerenal, renal, or postrenal origin?In reviewing the patient’s current information, a concern exists that acute kidney injury has developed. Select to highlight the laboratory information that would support this concern.UrinalysisCasts - +++Cola-color to urineProteinuriaBlood ValuesRBC - 3.9 cells/L (4.0-4.9 cells/L)Hgb 10 g/dL (12-16 g/dL)Hct-40% (37%-48%)WBC 11.0 cells/L (4.0-10.0 cells/L)Platelets - 140 cells/L (150-450 cells/L)Sodium - 140 mEq/L (135-145 mEq/L)Potassium - 4.5 mEq/L (3.5-5.2 mEq/L)BUN - 32 mg/dL (5-20 mg/dL)Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL (0.5-1.5 mg/dL)Blood Glucose - 180 mg/dL (nonfasting) (<200 mg/dL)AST-40 Units/mL (5-40 Units/mL)ALT - 30 Units/mL (5-35 Units/mL)Bilirubin (total)- 0.8 mg/dL (<1.0 mg/dL)Albumin - 4.0 (3.5-5.5 g/dL)PT-22 (11.5-14 seconds)
- Nearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.Description for Thomas Addis:Scottish-American scientistIdentified the different types of castFirst attempt to standardize quantitation of formed elements in urine Which among the statements below is(are) CORRECT?The Rocking microtome was invented in 1881George Adams Jr was able to discover the effects of formaldehyde as a fixative Heat fixation is the best fixation method used in preserving tissuesNone of the aboveRenal is a process that yields relatively constant GFR with fluctuating blood pressure in the kidney, occurring through (two words) where the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole constricts when stretched and a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism which occurs when the are activated by rising NaCl concentrations and increased flow rates.
