Suppose the airline industry is an oligopoly with two competing firms, VolAir and ClearJet. Assume each airline sells tickets that are virtually identical and customers have no loyalty to either airline. Possible pricing outcomes in the market are displayed on the graph to the left, while the two airlines' best response functions according to the Cournot model are shown on the graph to the right. Price per ticket 2 MR MC Demand 2000 VolAir's best response A 1200 Tickets sold by Clearjet Clearlet's best response
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- How would you present the market equilibrium point within an oligopolistic market via a diagram? Please clearly label where the market equlibrium is found. How would a decrease in demand change this market Equlibirum point in an oligopolistic market and how would you show this graphically?II.2 Companies A and B can compete on advertising or R&D. The profits (in millions of $ million) of the two firms are given in the table below assumig that they play a one-shot simultancous mov game (the profit or firm A is listed first in every cell of the matrix, followed by the profit of firm B): Advertising R&D 50, 25 10, 70 20, 40 60, 35 1. Find the mixed strategy equilibrium. A\B Advertising R&D 2. What are the expected profits for both firms in this equilibrium?. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was founded in 1969. Their original objective was to form a cartel to increase the price that they receive for their oil exports. Create a prisoner’s dilemma type game for two large members of OPEC (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia). Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of these two countries. Verbally explain how you got your numbers. Find the Nash equilibrium. Based on this model, what strategy is in the oil exporters’ best interest (Nash or otherwise)? How do they make it happen? Create another prisoner’s dilemmamodel for all of OPEC on one side, and all non OPEC oil exporting nations on the other side. Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of the two sides. Verbally explain how you created your numbers. Also create your numbers applying the fact that OPEC’s total production capacity is greater than total non OPEC exports…
- Suppose that Fizzo and Pop Hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Рop Hop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 8, 8 15, 2 Fizzo Doesn't Advertise 2, 15 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Fizzo advertises and Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo will make a profit of $15 million, and Pop Hop will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fizzo and Pop Hop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Pop Hop advertises, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses If Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo makes a higher…Company A and Company B are competing oligopolists. Both companies are considering increasing or maintaining their prices The payoff matrix shows the profits of the companies in millions based on their possible actions. Company B Increase Price Maintain Price Company A Increase Price $50, $40 $35, 530 Maintain Price 555, $45 $60, $35 The government offers a $5 milon subsidy to maintain current pricing. What is the expected outcome of the new payoff matrix, given the subsidy? The Nash equilibrium changes, and both companies will maintain their prices O The Nash equilbrium changes, and both companies will increase their prices O The Nash equilibrium remains the same, and both companies will increase their prices O Company A wit increase its price, whie Company B maintains its price. O Company A will maintain its price, while Company Bincreases ts price.At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $2 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $16 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $56 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.
- At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $8 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $43 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.i ≤ percentAt a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $12 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. Under what conditions could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?tory Bookmarks Profiles Quiz: Module 5 Qu x com/courses/111015/quizzes/852942/take To 9 7 C Tab Window Help Course Modules: Ex Topic: Planet Mon x | For the remaining questions consider two gas stations competing as an oligopoly. There are the only two gas stations in a small town. Each week they must simultaneously display their prices choosing between a high price and a low price. The payoff matrix below displays the weekly profits earned by the gas stations if they choose the various prices. Shell Decisions tv High Price Low Price Low Price NIDZA O V High Price S: $5,000 C: $5,500 (a) If Shell knows Chevron will choose the HIGH PRICE, what price should Shell choose? Low Price S: $7,500 C: $1,500 (b) If Shell knows Chevron will choose the LOW PRICE, what price should Shell choose? Low Price Aa Chevron Decisions (c) Does Shell have a dominant strategy? If so, what is it? Their dominant strategy is to Q Search Securify Module 5 Practice. x | Module 5 Lecture X (d) If Chevron knows…
- With Cournot competition, oligopoly firms decide on the quantity to produce. There is an equilibrium, where each firm chooses its production that is a best-response to the other firms' production levels. The equilibrium quantity and price is in between the competitive and monopoly market outcomes. To answer this question, you will want to use an appropriate graph on a piece of scratch paper. Otherwise, you are just guessing. Suppose that Coke and Pepsi are the only two firms in the cola market. There is Cournot competition between the two firms. The marginal cost of making a bottle of cola is constant at $2/bottle. Now suppose that the marginal cost of making a bottle of cola increases to $4/bottle. In the new Cournot equilibrium, the quantity sold will be greater for both firms. less for both firms. the same for both firms. unknown, since there is not enough information to answer.There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously competeSuppose that two firms, Lucky Bird and Full Coop, are the only sellers of seitan buffalo wings in some hypothetical market. The following payoff matrix gives the profit (in millions of dollars) earned by each company depending on whether or not it chooses to advertise: Full Coop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Lucky Bird Advertise 9, 9 15, 3 Doesn't Advertise 3, 15 11, 11 For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Full Coop advertises and Lucky Bird does not advertise, Full Coop will make a profit of $15 million, and Lucky Bird will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Lucky Bird and Full Coop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Lucky Bird chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of million if Full Coop advertises and a profit of million if Full Coop does not advertise. If Lucky Bird chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of million if Full Coop advertises and a profit of million if…