The discharge rate of an off-center ganglion cell: O is not an absolute measure of light intensity does not depend on the background level of illumination is highest when receptive field is in complete darkness is the same for center-only and center-plus-surround illumination Which of the following terms are most suitably matched? Pitch, waveform Loudness, amplitude Frequency, pressure Tonotopy, phase
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- What is meant by the statement Vision happens mainly in the brain?The membrane potential of cells within the visual system is recorded in the dark, then following a brief flash of light. During the flash of light you would expect __________ cells to _____________ a rod cell; hyperpolarize b bipolar cell; depolarize c ganglion cell; depolarize d all of the above are correctA scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell. Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell. When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially. In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'. ‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)? A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
- What is the neurotransmitter that is released from photoreceptors onto bipolar neurons? Distinguish between light-on (ON bipolar cells) and light-off (OFFF bipolar cells), and explain how one signal molecule can have opposing effects on theses two cell populations. What is the organization of a visual field? What are the 2 types of ganglion visual fields?nonM-nonP type (K-type) retinal ganglion cells typically have: large receptive fields and motion sensitivity small receptive fields and color-opponency small receptive fields and motion sensitivity small receptive field without color-opponencyPut the following steps in order for transduction for vision. Question options: PDE breaks down cyclic GMP Photon is absorbed by discs the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes Sodium channels are inactivated and the dark current stops Opsin is activated Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is activated Transducin is activated
- What is the shape of a receptive field of a simple cell in the primary visual cortex?A. Either a bar or an edge, in a fixed positionB. Either a bar or an edge, anywhere within a large area of the retinaC. Either a bar or an edge, with a strong inhibitory field at one endD. A circle, with a surround that responds in the opposite wayOrder the structures from receipt of light, generation of action potential to le eye, heading toward visual cerebral cortex. Each structure is used only onceWhich of the following statements comparing the LGN and the retina is correct? O Both are involved in the reconstruction (as opposed to point-by-point deconstruction) of visual stimul Both have ciells that respond to lines of a particular onentation in their receptive field. O Both get significant feedback connections (top-down infuence O Both have cells with concentric centersurraundreteptive fields O The retina has odenteand off-kenterteceptive eds, while the LGN nly tus Ton-center receptive fields
- The best characterization of receptive fields in retinal ganglion cells that respond best to light-dark contrast is that for a cell that responds to light it has no response to light in its center on field for a cell that responds to light it has a strong response to light in the surround field for a cell that responds to light it has a strong response to light in its center on field for a cell that responds to light it has a weak response to light in its center on fieldHelp meThe cone system and the rod system: differ in response saturation at high levels of illumination are equally devastating in case of damage O are equally specialized for sensitivity of photon capture O mediate scotopic and photopic vision, respectively Back Next Ne er submit passwordshiough Gooo ms