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- Single gene Mendelian inheritance patterns: if you are told the phenotype of the parents and whether the trait is dominant or recessive etc, be able to predict the genotype of the children. If you are told the phenotype of the parent as well as the inheritance pattern, be able to predict the parent’s genotype. Be able to set up and use a Punnett square to solve problems and make predictions. Be able to explain the major steps in how information from our genes is used to make proteins. Or to show it in a labeled diagram. Be able to explain whatis transcription, translation. Where in the cell do these processes occur? In what order? What type of molecules are being made [DNA, RNA, protein]? What are their building blocks? What is a mutation? How can a mutation in DNA cause a change in a protein? (use the following terms to answer: codon, transcription, translation, mRNA). What is gene expression? Why is regulation of gene expression important for normal…What evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic polymorphism? Discuss the relative importance of each type of process.Briefly describe all processes that can affect allele frequencies.
- Briefly explain why the relation between genotype and phenotype isfrequently complex for quantitative characteristics.Given: Green, red, blue, yellow, orange marbles Assuming wethat the marbles are species of praying mantises and that the newenvironment consists of greenery and many bright red and white flowers. Question: What would you expect to happen to the allele frequency for the followingforms of the gene: 1. Blue 2. Green 3. Red 4. Orange 5. Yellowb. a. in a population. Hardy-Weinberg p+q=1 (Rr), and 16% white (rr). This population is in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 42. In a population of cattle, the following color distribution was noted: 36% red (RR), 48% roan baith p²+2pq+q² =1 Determine the frequencies of the R alleles and the r alleles? assumptions are met? What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy-Weinberg a. 36% red; 48% roan; 16% white b. 30% red; 50% roan; 20% white c. 30% red; 60% roan; 10% white d. 40% red; 40% roan; 20% white 10 u ti- sor
- Allele frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg Principle are equal. True or False.Define the process of Calculating Allele Frequencies ?Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion What is the expected (predicted) frequency of the A2 allele if it is observed that 26 individual have the homozygous dominant genotype, 62 individuals have the heterozygous genotype and 75 individuals have the homozygous recessive genotype?
- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?Albinism is a rare genetic condition, occurring in only one in every 17,000 to 22,000individuals in the world (Campbell et al. 2003; Gronskov et al. 2007). Conduct a library oronline research and answer these questions: A. What can you conclude about the allelic frequency of the a allele globally? B. Where do you think the a allele would be more commonly found, among theheterozygotes (Aa) or the homozygote recessives (aa)? Why do you say so? C. What happens to an individual who is albino (aa) or who has very low or lacksmelanin pigments in the hair, skin and eyes? D. Based on your answer in c, how would you explain the frequency of the a allele?Albinism is a rare genetic condition, occurring in only one in every 17,000 to 22,000individuals in the world (Campbell et al. 2003; Gronskov et al. 2007). Conduct a library oronline research and answer these questions:a. What can you conclude about the allelic frequency of the a allele globally?b. Where do you think the a allele would be more commonly found, among theheterozygotes (Aa) or the homozygote recessives (aa)? Why do you say so?c. What happens to an individual who is albino (aa) or who has very low or lacksmelanin pigments in the hair, skin and eyes?d. Based on your answer in c, how would you explain the frequency of the a allele?